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Triglobal resolvent analysis of swept-wing wakes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2023

J.H. Marques Ribeiro Open the ORCID record for J.H. Marques Ribeiro [Opens in a new window] ,
Chi-An Yeh Open the ORCID record for Chi-An Yeh [Opens in a new window]  and
Kunihiko Taira Open the ORCID record for Kunihiko Taira [Opens in a new window]
J.H. Marques Ribeiro*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Chi-An Yeh
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Kunihiko Taira
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: jeanmarques@g.ucla.edu
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Abstract

Through triglobal resolvent analysis, we reveal the effects of wing tip and sweep angle on laminar separated wakes over swept wings. For the present study, we consider wings with semi-aspect ratios from $1$ to $4$, sweep angles from $0^\circ$ to $45^\circ$ and angles of attack of $20^\circ$ and $30^\circ$ at a chord-based Reynolds number of $400$ and a Mach number of $0.1$. Using direct numerical simulations, we observe that unswept wings develop vortex shedding near the wing root with a quasi-steady tip vortex. For swept wings, vortex shedding is seen near the wing tip for low sweep angles, while the wakes are steady for wings with high sweep angles. To gain further insights into the mechanisms of flow unsteadiness, triglobal resolvent analysis is used to identify the optimal spatial input–output mode pairs and the associated gains over a range of frequencies. The three-dimensional forcing and response modes reveal that harmonic fluctuations are directed towards the root for unswept wings and towards the wing tip for swept wings. The overlapping region of the forcing–response mode pairs uncovers triglobal resolvent wavemakers associated with self-sustained unsteady wakes of swept wings. Furthermore, we show that for low-aspect-ratio wings optimal perturbations develop globally over the entire wingspan. The present study uncovers physical insights on the effects of tip and sweep on the growth of optimal harmonic perturbations and the wake dynamics of separated flows over swept wings.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Wakes/Jets: Separated flows Wakes/Jets: Wakes

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JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 954 , 10 January 2023 , A42
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© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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