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A weakly nonlinear analysis of the precessing vortex core oscillation in a variable swirl turbulent round jet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2019

Kiran Manoharan ,
Mark Frederick ,
Sean Clees ,
Jacqueline O’Connor  and
Santosh Hemchandra Open the ORCID record for Santosh Hemchandra [Opens in a new window]
Kiran Manoharan
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka560012, India
Mark Frederick
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
Sean Clees
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
Jacqueline O’Connor
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
Santosh Hemchandra*
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka560012, India
*
†Email address for correspondence: hsantosh@iisc.ac.in
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Abstract

We study the emergence of precessing vortex core (PVC) oscillations in a swirling jet experiment. We vary the swirl intensity while keeping the net mass flow rate fixed using a radial-entry swirler with movable blades upstream of the jet exit. The swirl intensity is quantified in terms of a swirl number $S$. Time-resolved velocity measurements in a radial–axial plane anchored at the jet exit for various $S$ values are obtained using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and spatial cross-spectral analysis reveal the simultaneous emergence of a bubble-type vortex breakdown and a strong helical limit-cycle oscillation in the flow for $S>S_{c}$ where $S_{c}=0.61$. The oscillation frequency, $f_{PVC}$, and the square of the flow oscillation amplitudes vary linearly with $S-S_{c}$. A solution for the coherent unsteady field accurate up to $O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{3})$ ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}\sim O((S-S_{c})^{1/2})$) is determined from the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equations, using the method of multiple scales. We show that onset of bubble type vortex breakdown at $S_{c}$, results in a marginally stable, helical linear global hydrodynamic mode. This results in the stable limit-cycle precession of the breakdown bubble. The variation of $f_{LC}$ with $S-S_{c}$ is determined from the Stuart–Landau equation associated with the PVC. Reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental result is observed, despite the highly turbulent nature of the flow in the present experiment. Further, amplitude saturation results from the time-averaged distortion imposed on the flow by the PVC, suggesting that linear stability analysis may predict PVC characteristics for $S>S_{c}$.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex breakdown Instability: Nonlinear instability
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 884 , 10 February 2020 , A29
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press

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