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Effects of additives on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba2Ti9O20 microwave ceramic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Sea-Fue Wang ,
Yung-Fu Hsu ,
Tzuu-Hsing Ueng ,
Chung-Chuang Chiang ,
Jinn P. Chu  and
Chi-Yuen Huang
Sea-Fue Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Yung-Fu Hsu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Tzuu-Hsing Ueng
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Chung-Chuang Chiang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Jinn P. Chu
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Chi-Yuen Huang
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author.
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Abstract

Preparation of dense and phase-pure Ba2Ti9O20 is generally difficult to achieve using a solid-state reaction, due to the presence of several thermodynamically stable compounds in the vicinity of the desired composition. This work investigated the effects of various additives (TiO2, MnO, and ZrO2) on the densification, microstructural evolution, phase stability, and dielectric properties of Ba2Ti9O20. Ceramics with theoretical density of ≥95% were achieved in all cases after sintering at 1300 °C. A pure Ba2Ti9O20 phase was obtained by treating the material with TiO2 additions (≤5.6 wt.%) and sintering at temperatures ranging between 1200 and 1350 °C. Ba2Ti9O20 is a nonstoichiometric compound that can accommodate an excess amount of TiO2. As the temperature was increased, pure Ba2Ti9O20 partially decomposed and formed a mixture of BaTi4O9 and Ba2Ti9O20. The ceramic with excess TiO2 sintered at 1390 °C possessed a higher permittivity and a lower quality factor due to the larger grain size and lower density. For ceramic with the addition of ZrO2 (≤6 wt.%), pure Ba2Ti9O20 phase was obtained after sintering between 1200 and 1390 °C, and the quality factor was improved. The decomposition temperature of the Ba2Ti9O20 phase was greater than 1390 °C. For sintering temperatures ≥1350 °C, the extent of Ba2Ti9O20 phase decreased with MnO additions. As the MnO content reached 0.5 wt.%, only BaTi4O9 and TiO2 phases existed, suggesting a decrease in the decomposition temperature of Ba2Ti9O20 with the addition of MnO. The microwave properties of the ceramics degraded significantly at the sintering temperature of 1390 °C.

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Articles
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Journal of Materials Research , Volume 18 , Issue 5 , May 2003 , pp. 1179 - 1187
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

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