Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T09:22:56.298Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Future of nanoindentation in archaeometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2018

Nadimul Haque Faisal Open the ORCID record for Nadimul Haque Faisal [Opens in a new window] ,
Rehan Ahmed ,
Saurav Goel  and
Graham Cross
Nadimul Haque Faisal*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, U.K.
Rehan Ahmed
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
Saurav Goel
Affiliation:
School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, U.K.
Graham Cross
Affiliation:
Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; and School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: N.H.Faisal@rgu.ac.uk
Get access

Abstract

This review aims to consolidate scarce literature on the use of modern nanomechanical testing technique like instrumented nanoindentation in the field of archaeometry materials research. The review showcase on how can the nanoindentation tests provide valuable data about mechanical properties which, in turn, relate to the evolution of ancient biomaterials as well as human history and production methods. This is particularly useful when the testing is limited by confined volumes and small material samples (since the contact size is in the order of few microns). As an emerging novel application, some special considerations are warranted for characterization of archaeometry materials. In this review, potential research areas relating to how nanoindentation is expected to benefit and help improve existing practices in archaeometry are identified. It is expected that these insights will raise awareness for use of nanoindentation at various world heritage sites as well as various museums.

Keywords

nanoindentationmicromechanicsarchaeometrystructure–property relationships
Type
REVIEW
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 33 , Issue 17 , 14 September 2018 , pp. 2515 - 2532
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This section of Journal of Materials Research is reserved for papers that are reviews of literature in a given area.

References

REFERENCES

Ryzewski, K., Sheldon, B.W., Alcock, S.E., Mankin, M., Vasudevan, S., and Sinnott-Armstrong, N.: Multiple assessments of local properties, production, and performance in metal objects: An experimental case study from Petra. Jordan. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 3, 173 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ISO 14577-1, -2, -3, -4 Metallic Materials Instrumented Indentation Tests for Hardness and Material Properties Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Google Scholar
ASTM E2546-07: Standard Practice for Instrumented Indentation Testing (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2007). www.astm.org.Google Scholar
Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Sci. 7, 1564 (1992).Google Scholar
Erickson, G.M., Krick, B.A., Hamilton, M., Bourne, G.R., Norell, M.A., Lilleodden, E., and Sawyer, W.G.: Complex dental structure and wear biomechanics in hadrosaurid dinosaurs. Science 338, 98 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janko, M., Zink, A., Gigler, A.M., Heckl, W.M., and Stark, R.W.: Nanostructure and mechanics of mummified type I collagen from the 5300-year-old Tyrolean Iceman. Proc. R. Soc. B 277, 2301 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northover, P., Northover, S., and Wilson, A.: Microstructures of ancient and historic silver. In Metal 2013, 16–20 September 2013, (International Council of Museums ICOM-CC, 253, Edinburgh, 2013); pp. 253–260. http://oro.open.ac.uk/37678/.Google Scholar
Patzke, N., Levin, A.A., Shakhverdova, I.P., Reibold, M., Kochmann, W., Paufler, P., and Meyer, D.C.: Nanostructured ancient Damascus blades, DMG (2008). (abstract no. 208, session S17). Available at: https://www.dmg-home.org/fileadmin/Konferenzen/DMG-CD/filedir/208_abstract.pdf.Google Scholar
Kochmann, W., Reibold, M., Goldberg, R., Hauffe, W., Levin, A.A., Eyer, D.C., Stephan, T., Müller, H., Belger, A., and Paufler, P.: Nanowires in ancient Damascus steel. J. Alloys Compd. 372, L15–L19 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Wu, T., Liao, L., Liao, C., Zhang, L., Chen, G., and Pan, C.: Techniques employed in making ancient thin-walled bronze vessels unearthed in Hubei Province, China. Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 111, 913 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakoumakos, B.C., Oliver, W.C., Lumpkin, G.R., and Ewing, R.C.: Hardness and elastic modulus of zircon as a function of heavy-particle irradiation dose: I. In situ α-decay event damage. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 118, 393 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, H., Du, X., Costopoulos, A., and Ostoja-Starzewski, M.: Lithic raw material physical properties and use-wear accrual. J. Archaeol. Sci. 34, 711 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanson, G.D., Kerr, S.A., and Gross, K.A.: Do silica phytoliths really wear mammalian teeth? J. Archaeol. Sci. 34, 526 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riede, F. and Wheeler, J.M.: Testing the ‘Laacher See Hypothesis’: Tephra as dental abrasive. J. Archaeol. Sci. 36, 2384 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, P.L., Margetts, L., Johnson, M.R., Withers, P.J., Sellers, W.I., Falkingham, P.L., Mummery, P.M., Barrett, P.M., and Raymont, D.R.: Biomechanics of dromaeosaurid dinosaur claws: Application of X-ray microtomography, nanoindentation and finite element analysis. Anat. Rec. 292, 1397 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salvant, J., Barthel, E., and Menu, M.: Nanoindentation and the micromechanics of Van Gogh oil paints. Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 104, 509 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olesiak, S.E., Oyen, M.L., Sponheimer, M., Eberle, J.J., and Ferguson, V.L.: Ultrastructural mechanical and material characterization of fossilized bone. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 975, 0975-DD03-09 (2006).Google Scholar
Olesiak, S.E., Sponheimer, M., Eberle, J.J., Oyen, M.L., and Ferguson, V.L.: Nanomechanical properties of modern and fossil bone. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol 289, 25 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faisal, N.H., Ahmed, R., and Reuben, R.L.: Indentation testing and its acoustic emission response: Applications and emerging trends. Int. Mater. Rev. 56, 98 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Nanoindentation in materials research; past, present, and future. MRS Bull. 35, 897 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabor, D.: The Hardness of Metals (Oxford Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1951); pp. 19–43.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, N.K. and Paufler, P.: Micro- and nanoindentation techniques for mechanical characterisation of materials. Int. Mater. Rev. 51, 209 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VanLandingham, M.R.: Review of instrumented indentation. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 108, 249 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher-Cripps, A.C.: Nanoindentation (Springer, New York, 2002); p. 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, R.: The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity (Oxford Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1950); p. 14.Google Scholar
Lawn, B.R. and Wilshaw, R.: Review-indentation fracture: Principles and applications. J. Mater. Sci. 10, 1049 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawn, B.R. and Marshall, D.B.: Hardness, toughness, and brittleness: An indentation analysis. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62, 347 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oyen, M.L.: Analytical techniques for indentation of viscoelastic materials. Philos. Mag. 86, 5625 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pethicai, J.B., Hutchings, R., and Oliver, W.C.: Hardness measurement at penetration depths as small as 20 nm. Philos. Mag. A 48, 593 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goel, S., Cross, G., Stukowski, A., Gamsjäger, E., Beake, B., and Agrawal, A.: Designing nanoindentation simulation studies by appropriate indenter choices: Case study on single crystal tungsten. Comput. Mater. Sci. 152, 196 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer-Cripps, A.C.: Nanoindentation, 2nd ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 2002); p. 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suresh, S. and Giannakopoulos, A.: A new method for estimating residual stresses by instrumented sharp indentation. Acta Mater. 46, 5755 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 1 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer-Cripps, A.C.: Introduction to Contact Mechanics, 2nd ed. (Springer US, 2007); pp. 77, 175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, K.L.: Contact Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, England, 1985); p. 84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sneddon, I.N.: The relation between load and penetration in the axisymmetric boussinesq problem for a punch of arbitrary profile. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 3, 47 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pharr, G.M., Strader, J.H., and Oliver, W.C.: Critical issues in making small-depth mechanical property measurements by nanoindentation with continuous stiffness measurement. J. Mater. Res. 24, 653 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NanoBlitz 4D: Available at: http://nanomechanicsinc.com/available-now-nanoblitz-3d-4d/ (accessed September 5, 2017).Google Scholar
Jiroušek, O.: Nanoindentation in Materials Science (IntechOpen Limited, London, 2012); p. 259.Google Scholar
Bushby, A.J., Ferguson, V.L., and Boyde, A.: Nanoindentation of bone: Comparison of specimens tested in liquid and embedded in polymethylmethacrylate. J. Mater. Res. 19, 249 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granke, M., Coulmier, A., Uppuganti, S., Gaddy, J.A., Does, M.D., and Nyman, J.S.: Insights into reference point indentation involving human cortical bone: Sensitivity to tissue anisotropy and mechanical behavior. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 37, 174 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bembey, A.K., Oyen, M.L., Bushby, A.J., and Boyde, A.: Viscoelastic properties of bone as a function of hydration state determined by nanoindentation. Philos. Mag. 86, 5691 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalla, R.K., Balooch, M., Ager, J.W. III, Kruzic, J.J., Kinney, J.H., and Ritchie, R.O.: Effects of polar solvents on the fracture resistance of dentin: Role of water hydration. Acta Biomater. 1, 31 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angker, L. and Swain, M.V.: Nanoindentation: Application to dental hard tissue investigations. J. Mater. Res. 21, 1893 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudíková, M., Kytýr, D., Doktor, T., and Jiroušek, O.: Monitoring of material surface polishing procedure using confocal microscope. Chem. Listy 105, 790 (2011).Google Scholar
Bhushan, B., Tang, W., and Ge, S.: Nanomechanical characterization of skin and skin cream. J. Microsc. 240, 135 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crichton, M.L., Chen, X., Huang, H., and Kendall, M.A.F.: Elastic modulus and viscoelastic properties of full thickness skin characterised at micro scales. Biomaterials 34, 2087 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reibold, M., Paufler, P., Levin, A.A., Kochmann, W., Pätzke, N., and Meyer, D.C.: Materials: Carbon nanotubes in an ancient Damascus sabre. Nature 444, 286 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borrero-Lopez, O., Pajares, A., Constantino, P.J., and Lawn, B.R.: A model for predicting wear rates in tooth enamel. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 37, 226 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ungar, P. and Sponheimer, M.: The diets of early hominins. Science 334, 190 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawn, B.R. and Cook, R.F.: Probing material properties with sharp indenters: A retrospective. J. Mater. Sci. 47, 1 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, J., Luisier, A., Schedin, E., Ekstrand, G., and Hult, A.: Development of scratch tests for pre-painted metal sheet and the influence of paint properties on the scratch resistance. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 86, 300 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wai, S.W.: Rapid Assessment of Paint Coatings by Micro and Nano Indentation Methods. Ph.D. thesis, School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong, 2013. Available at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3873.Google Scholar
Brand, R.A.: Biographical sketch: Julius Wolff, 1836–1902. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 468, 1047 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, U. and Schwiedrzik, J.: Post-yield and failure properties of cortical bone. BoneKEy Rep. 5, 829 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwiedrzik, J., Raghavan, R., Bürki, A., LeNader, V., Wolfram, U., Michler, J., and Zysset, P.: In situ micropillar compression reveals superior strength and ductility but an absence of damage in lamellar bone. Nat. Mater. 13, 740 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirzaali, M.J., Schwiedrzik, J.J., Thaiwichai, S., Best, J.P., Michler, J., Zysset, P.K., and Wolfram, U.: Mechanical properties of cortical bone and their relationships with age, gender, composition and microindentation properties in the elderly. Bone 93, 196 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anseth, K.S., Bowman, C.N., and Brannon-Peppas, L.: Mechanical properties of hydrogels and their experimental determination. Biomaterials 17, 1647 (1996).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faisal, N.H. and Ahmed, R.: A review of patented methodologies in instrumented indentation residual stress measurements. Recent Pat. Mech. Eng. 4, 138 (2011).Google Scholar
Yao, H., Xie, Z., He, C., and Dao, M.: Fracture mode control: A bio-inspired strategy to combat catastrophic damage. Sci. Rep. 5, 8011 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fatima, A. and Mativenga, P.T.: On the comparative cutting performance of nature-inspired structured cutting tool in dry cutting of AISI/SAE 4140. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B: J. Eng. Manuf. 231, 1941 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Four student-designed, nature-inspired transportation solutions: Available at: http://makezine.com/2014/06/10/four-student-designed-nature-inspired-transporation-solutions/ (accessed August 20, 2017).Google Scholar
Research showcase on bioinspired design: Available at: http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/engineering/newssummary/news_2-2-2016-16-28-13 (accessed August 20, 2017).Google Scholar
Ungar, P.S.: Dental evidence for the diests of Plio-Pleistocene hominis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 146, 47 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, D.B., Cook, R.F., Padture, N.P., Oyen, M.L., Pajares, A., Bradby, J.E., Reimanis, I.E., Tandon, R., Page, T.F., Pharr, G.M., and Lawn, B.R.: The compelling case for indentation as a functional exploratory and characterization tool. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 98, 2671 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darvell, B.W., Lee, P.K.D., Yuen, T.D.B., and Lucas, P.W.: A portable fracture toughness tester for biological materials. Meas. Sci. Technol. 7, 954 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valliappan, S. and Chee, C.K.: Aging degradation of mechanical structures. J. Mech. Mater. Struct. 3, 1923 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar