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In situ graphitized hard carbon xerogel: A promising high-performance anode material for Li-ion batteries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2020

Mayur M. Gaikwad Open the ORCID record for Mayur M. Gaikwad [Opens in a new window]  and
Chandra S. Sharma
Mayur M. Gaikwad*
Affiliation:
Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy502285, Telangana, India
Chandra S. Sharma
Affiliation:
Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy502285, Telangana, India
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: ch17resch01002@iith.ac.in
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Abstract

To address the challenges of capacity fading and poor electronic conductivity of hard carbons as anode in Li-ion batteries (LIBs), we report here the catalytic graphitization of resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel (RFX)-derived hard carbon via a single-step synthesis by incorporating two transition metal catalysts (Co and Ni) with different loadings (5 and 10%) at a modest temperature of 1100 °C. Loading of both the catalysts affects the extent of graphitization and other physiochemical properties that have a direct influence on the anodic performance of as graphitized RFX-derived hard carbon. A 10% Ni catalyst in RFX-derived carbon induces the highest degree of graphitization of 81.4% along with partial amorphous carbon and nickel phases. This improved crystallinity was conducive enough to facilitate rapid electron and Li-ion transfer while the amorphous carbon phase contributed to higher specific capacity, resulting in overall best anodic performance as ever reported for RFX-derived carbon. A specific capacity of 578 mAh/g obtained after 210 cycles at 0.2 C with coulombic efficiency greater than 99% confirms the potential of graphitized RFX-derived carbon as an anode for high-performance LIBs.

Keywords

catalytic graphitizationresorcinol–formaldehyde carbon xerogelNi- and Co-graphitizing catalystanode materialLi-ion battery
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 35 , Issue 21 , 16 November 2020 , pp. 2989 - 3003
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020, published on behalf of Materials Research Society by Cambridge University Press

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