Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-pwrkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-05T18:47:57.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

RETRACTED-Effect of electropulsing treatment on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of cold-rolled Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2014

Xiaoxin Ye
Affiliation:
Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; and Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Guoyi Tang*
Affiliation:
Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; and Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Guolin Song
Affiliation:
Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
Jie Kuang
Affiliation:
Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: tanggy@mail.sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Electropulsing treatment (EPT) provided a promising technology to improve the microstructure and plasticity of the cold-rolled Ti–6Al–4V noticeably while only affecting the strength mildly. Thus, titanium alloy of high plasticity and good comprehensive property can be obtained by this high efficient processing method. The research found that the tensile ductility could be improved largely with the increasing frequency. In the low frequency, the maximum ductility (32.5%) could be obtained at 293 Hz-EPT. Under high-frequency EPT, plasticity has a slight decrease but the tensile strength increases in the contrary. With the help of multi-characterization, abstracting phenomena are explained and therefore the conclusion has been drawn that the whole process of increasing frequency EPT can be divided roughly into two periods: (a) recrystallization period in the low frequency, at this period athermal effect of the EPT played a leading role and (b) phase change period in the high frequency, at this period the other important factor of the EPT thermal effect was predominant. As a comparison, furnace heat treatment is conducted to prove the preferential phase transition instead of complete recrystallization under the single heating effect. The mechanism of the results can be discussed by the competitive mechanism of recrystallization process and phase change in the EPT processing.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Boivineau, M., Cagran, C., Doytier, D., Eyraud, V., Nadal, M., Wilthan, B., and Pottlacher, G.: Thermophysical properties of solid and liquid Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) alloy. Int. J. Thermophys. 27(2), 507 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurrappa, I.: Characterization of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V for chemical, marine and industrial applications. Mater. Charact. 51(2), 131 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, M.A., Williams, R.L., and Williams, D.F.: The corrosion behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V, Ti–6Al–7Nb and Ti–13Nb–13Zr in protein solutions. Biomaterials 20(7), 631 (1999).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gil, F.J. and Planell, J.A.: Behaviour of normal grain growth kinetics in single phase titanium and titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 283(1), 17 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troitskii, O.A. and Likhtman, V.I.: Anisotropy of the effect of electron-beam and α-irradiation on the deformation process of zinc single crystals in the brittle state. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 148, 332 (1963).Google Scholar
Jiang, Y.B., Tang, G.Y., Shek, C., Zhu, Y.H., and Xu, Z.H.: On the thermodynamics and kinetics of electropulsing induced dissolution of beta-Mg17Al12 phase in an aged Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy. Acta Mater. 57(16), 4797 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yanbin, J., Guoyi, T., Chanhung, S., Yaohua, Z., Lei, G., Shaonan, W., and Zhuohui, X.: Improved ductility of aged Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy strip by electropulsing treatment. J. Mater. Res. 24(5), 1810 (2009).Google Scholar
Potapova, A.A. and Stolyarov, V.V.: Deformability and structural features of shape memory TiNi alloys processed by rolling with current. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 579, 114 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gromov, V.E. and Petrunin, V.A.: Localization of plastic-deformation under conditions of electro-stimulated drawing. Phys. Status Solidi A 139(1), 77 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gromov, V.E.: Influence of current pulses in plastic deformation on the macrostructure of austenitic chromomanganese steel. Soviet Phys. J. 34(9), 813 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lei, G., Guoyi, T., Yanbin, J., and Chu, P.K.: Texture evolution in cold-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy during electropulsing treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 487(1–2), 309 (2009).Google Scholar
Zhu, R.F., Liu, J.N., Tang, G.Y., Shi, S.Q., and Fu, M.W.: Properties, microstructure and texture evolution of cold rolled Cu strips under electropulsing treatment. J. Alloys Compd. 544, 203 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, H.: Effects of electric current on solid state phase transformations in metals. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 287(2), 227 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okazaki, K., Kagawa, M., and Conrad, H.: Effects of strain rate, temperature and interstitial content on the electroplastic effect in titanium. Scr. Metall. 13(6), 473 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gromov, V.E., Ivanov, Y.F., Stolboushkina, O.A., and Konovalov, S.V.: Dislocation substructure evolution on Al creep under the action of the weak electric potential. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527 (3), 858 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gromov, V.E., Ivanov, Y.F., Sizov, V.V., Vorob Ev, S.V., and Konovalov, S.V.: Increase in the fatigue durability of stainless steel by electron-beam surface treatment. J. Surf. Invest. 7(1), 94 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gromov, V.E., Gorbunov, S.V., Ivanov, Y.F., Vorobiev, S.V., and Konovalov, S.V.: Formation of surface gradient structural-phase states under electron-beam treatment of stainless steel. J. Surf. Invest. 5(5), 974 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Y.H., To, S., Lee, W.B., Liu, X.M., Jiang, Y.B., and Tang, G.Y.: Effects of dynamic electropulsing on microstructure and elongation of a Zn-Al alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 501(1–2), 125 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Y.H., To, S., Lee, W., Liu, X.M., Jiang, Y.B., and Tang, G.Y.: Electropulsing-induced phase transformations in a Zn-Al-based alloy. J. Mater. Res. 24(8), 2661 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, D., To, S., Zhu, Y.H., Wang, H., and Tang, G.Y.: Static electropulsing-induced microstructural changes and their effect on the ultra-precision machining of cold-rolled AZ91 alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43A(4), 1341 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, R.D., Hughes, D.A., Humphreys, F.J., Jonas, J.J., Jensen, D.J., Kassner, M.E., King, W.E., McNelley, T.R., McQueen, H.J., and Rollett, A.D.: Current issues in recrystallization: A review. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 238(2), 219 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, D.W. Oxtoby, : Homogeneous nucleation: Theory and experiment. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 4(38), 7627 (1992).Google Scholar
Okazaki, K., Kagawa, M., and Conrad, H.: A study of the electroplastic effect in metals. Scr. Metall. 12(11), 1063 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guan, L., Tang, G.Y., Chu, P.K., and Jiang, Y.B.: Enhancement of ductility in Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy with tilted basal texture by electropulsing. J. Mater. Res. 24(12), 3674 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yanbin, J., Guoyi, T., Lei, G., Shaonan, W., Zhuohui, X., Chanhung, S., and Yaohua, Z.: Effect of electropulsing treatment on solid solution behavior of an aged Mg alloy AZ61 strip. J. Mater. Res. 23(10), 2685 (2008).Google Scholar
Wang, X.L., Guo, J.D., Wang, Y.M., Wu, X.Y., and Wang, B.Q.: Segregation of lead in Cu-Zn alloy under electric current pulses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 6, 619 (2006).Google Scholar
Renard, K., Idrissi, H., Schryvers, D., and Jacques, P.J.: On the stress state dependence of the twinning rate and work hardening in twinning-induced plasticity steels. Scr. Mater. 66(12), 966 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J.H., Park, W.S., Chun, M.S., Kim, J.J., Bae, J.H., Kim, M.H., and Lee, J.M.: Effect of pre-straining on low-temperature mechanical behavior of AISI 304L. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 543, 50 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correa, E., Aguilar, M., Silva, E., and Cetlin, P.R.: The effect of sequential tensile and cyclic torsion straining on work hardening of steel and brass. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 142(1), 282 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demir, E., Raabe, D., and Roters, F.: The mechanical size effect as a mean-field breakdown phenomenon: Example of microscale single crystal beam bending. Acta Mater. 58(5), 1876 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McQueen, H.J. and Imbert, C.: Dynamic recrystallization: Plasticity enhancing structural development. J. Alloys Compd. 378(1–2), 35 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, R., Salahshoor, M., Melkote, S.N., and Marusich, T.: A unified internal state variable material model for inelastic deformation and microstructure evolution in SS304. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 594, 352 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mataya, M.C., Nilsson, E.R., Brown, E.L., and Krauss, G.: Hot working and recrystallization of as-cast 317L. Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 34A(12), 3021 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, M.L., Li, F.G., Xie, H.F., and Wang, Y.F.: Characterization of strengthening mechanism and hot deformation behavior of powder metallurgy molybdenum. Mater. Des. 34, 112 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, L., Li, Z., Lei, Q., Qiu, W.T., and Luo, H.T.: Hot deformation behavior of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si-0.15Mg alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528(3), 1641 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, M.H., Li, Y.F., Wang, W.H., Zhou, J., and Chiba, A.: Quantitative analysis of work hardening and dynamic softening behavior of low carbon alloy steel based on the flow stress. Mater. Des. 45, 384 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, F., Cui, Z.S., and Chen, S.J.: Recrystallization of 30Cr2Ni4MoV ultra-super-critical rotor steel during hot deformation. Part I: Dynamic recrystallization. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528(15), 5073 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Y.C., Deng, J., Jiang, Y.Q., Wen, D.X., and Liu, G.: Effects of initial delta phase on hot tensile deformation behaviors and fracture characteristics of a typical Ni-based superalloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 598, 251 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar