Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T02:43:05.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Analyzing mechanical properties of a nanocrystalline Fe–Ni coating by nanoindentation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Lian-Hao Yi
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Chun-Ying Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
Liuwen Chang*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Ting-Ruei Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Po-We Kao
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: lwchang@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
Get access

Abstract

Systematic nanoindentation experiments have been carried out to study the mechanical properties of a nanocrystalline Fe–51Ni coating exhibiting anelastic and creep characteristics. An analytical method based on the correspondence principle for linear viscoelasticity was developed. The holding displacement–time data obtained in indentation creep tests at a high loading rate of 20 mN/s were analyzed, and material parameters related to the elastic, anelastic, and creep characteristics were derived using a model containing one Maxwell unit and two Kelvin units. The anelastic deformation thus contains at least two relaxation processes having relaxation times of 0.37 and 6.8 s, respectively, and the creep deformation is described by a viscosity value of 4.2 × 104 GPa·s for the alloy in an as-deposited state. The anelastic and creep characteristics descend associated with increases of the elastic modulus and hardness values after the alloy was annealed at 673 K.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Pan, D., Nieh, T.G., and Chen, M.W.: Strengthening and softening of nanocrystalline nickel during multistep nanoindentation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 161922 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Schwaiger, R., Moser, B., Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., and Suresh, S.: Some critical experiments on the strain-rate sensitivity of nanocrystalline nickel. Acta Mater. 51, 5159 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Schuh, C.A., Nieh, T.G., and Iwasaki, H.: The effect of solid solution W additions on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni. Acta Mater. 51, 431 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Yang, B. and Vehoff, H.: Dependence of nanohardness upon indentation size and grain size—A local examination of the interaction between dislocations and grain boundaries. Acta Mater. 55, 849 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Fan, G.J., Jiang, W.H., Liu, F.X., Choo, H., Liaw, P.K., Yang, B., Fu, L.F., and Browning, N.D.: The effects of tensile plastic deformation on the hardness and Young’s modulus of a bulk nanocrystalline alloy studied by nanoindentation. J. Mater. Res. 22, 1235 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Sansoz, F. and Dupont, V.: Atomic mechanism of shear localization during indentation of a nanostructured metal. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 27, 1509 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Trelewicz, J.R. and Schuh, C.A.: The Hall-Petch breakdown in nanocrystalline metals: A crossover to glass-like deformation. Acta Mater. 55, 5948 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Pan, D. and Chen, M.W.: Rate-change instrumented indentation for measuring strain rate sensitivity. J. Mater. Res. 24, 1466 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Lucas, B.N. and Oliver, W.C.: Indentation power-law creep of high-purity indium. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 30A, 601 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Cheng, Y.T.: Scaling relationships in indentation of power-law creep solids using self-similar indenters. Philos. Mag. Lett. 81, 9 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Meyers, M.A., Mishra, A., and Benson, D.J.: Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials. Prog. Mater. Sci. 51, 427 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Dao, M., Lu, L., Asaro, R.J., De Hosson, J.T.M., and Ma, E.: Toward a quantitative understanding of mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals. Acta Mater. 55, 4041 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Ngan, A.H.W. and Tang, B.: Viscoelastic effects during unloading in depth-sensing indentation. J. Mater. Res. 17, 2604 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Fujisawa, N. and Swain, M.V.: Nanoindentation-derived elastic modulus of an amorphous polymer and its sensitivity to load-hold period and unloading strain rate. J. Mater. Res. 23, 637 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Feng, G. and Ngan, A.H.W.: Effects of creep and thermal drift on modulus measurement using depth-sensing indentation. J. Mater. Res. 17, 660 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Ma, Z., Long, S., Pan, Y., and Zhou, Y.: Loading rate sensitivity of nanoindentation creep in polycrystalline Ni films. J. Mater. Sci. 43, 5952 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Chudoba, T. and Richter, F.: Investigation of creep behaviour under load during indentation experiments and its influence on hardness and modulus results. Surf. Coat. Tech. 148, 191 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Sakai, S., Tanimoto, H., Kita, E., and Mizubayashi, H.: Characteristic creep behavior of nanocrystalline metals found for high-density gold. Phys. Rev. B 66, 214106 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Tanimoto, H., Sakai, S., and Mizubayashi, H.: Anelasticity study on motions of atoms in the grain boundary regions in nanocrystalline gold. Mater. Trans. 44, 53 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Lohmiller, J., Eberl, C., Schwaiger, R., Kraft, O., and Balk, T.J.: Mechanical spectroscopy of nanocrystalline nickel near room temperature. Scr. Mater. 59, 467 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Oyen, M.L.: Sensitivity of polymer nanoindentation creep measurements to experimental variables. Acta Mater. 55, 3633 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Liu, C.K., Lee, S., Sung, L.P., and Nguyen, T.: Load-displacement relations for nanoindentation of viscoelastic materials. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 033503 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Lu, H., Wang, B., Ma, J., Huang, G., and Viswanathan, H.: Measurement of creep compliance of solid polymers by nanoindentation. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 7, 189 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Oyen, M.L.: Analytical techniques for indentation of viscoelastic materials. Philos. Mag. 86, 5625 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Yang, S., Zhang, Y.W., and Zeng, K.: Analysis of nanoindentation creep for polymeric materials. J. Appl. Phys. 95, 3655 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Findley, W.N., Lai, J.S., and Onaran, K.: Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials (North-Holland, New York, 1976), p. 71.Google Scholar
28.Bonetti, E., Campari, E.G., Bianco, L.D., Pasquini, L., and Sampaolesi, E.: Mechanical behaviour of nanocrystalline iron and nickel ln the quasi-static and low frequency anelastic regime. Nanostruct. Mater. 11, 709 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Fu, H.H., Benson, D.J., and Meyers, M.A.: Analytical and computational description of effect of grain size on yield stress of metals. Acta Mater. 49, 2567 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Brandes, E.A. and Brook, G.B.: Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th ed. (Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom, 1998), pp. 13117.Google Scholar
31.Kang, Y.S., Lee, J.S., Divinski, S.V., and Herzig, Chr.: Ni grain boundary diffusion in coarse-grained Fe-40 wt.% Ni alloy and comparison with Ni diffusion in the nanocrystalline alloy. Z. Metallkd. 95, 76 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Renaud, G-P. and Steinemann, S.G.: High temperature elastic constants of Fe-Ni invar alloys, in Physical Metallurgy of Controlled Expansion Invar-Type Alloys, edited by Russell, K.C., Smith, D.F. (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale, PA, 1990), p. 225.Google Scholar
33.Huang, X., Hansen, N., and Tsuji, N.: Hardening by annealing and softening by deformation in nanostructured metals. Science 312, 249 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Chang, L., Kao, P.W., and Chen, C-H.: Strengthening mechanisms in electrodeposited Ni-P alloys with nanocrystalline grains. Scr. Mater. 56, 713 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar