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Effects of local grain misorientation and β-Sn elastic anisotropy on whisker and hillock formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2013

Pylin Sarobol ,
Wei-Hsun Chen ,
Aaron E. Pedigo ,
Peng Su ,
John E. Blendell  and
Carol A. Handwerker
Pylin Sarobol*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Wei-Hsun Chen
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Aaron E. Pedigo
Affiliation:
Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, Crane, Indiana 47522
Peng Su
Affiliation:
Component Quality and Technology, Cisco Systems, Inc., San Jose, California 95134
John E. Blendell
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Carol A. Handwerker
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: psarobol@purdue.edu
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Abstract

A whisker and hillock growth model based on local film microstructure, grain misorientation, and elastic strain energy density (ESED) as the driving force for growth was developed to predict preferred sites for growth. Local grain orientations and strains measured by synchrotron microdiffraction in nine regions containing whiskers or hillocks were compared with elastic finite element analysis simulations including Sn elastic anisotropy. Whisker and hillock grains were observed to have higher crystallographic misorientations with neighboring grains than generally observed in the microstructure. While elastic simulations predicted higher local out-of-plane elastic strains and ESEDs at those locations with high misorientations before growth, synchrotron measurements of out-of-plane strains of whisker and hillock grains after growth showed relaxation, with correspondingly low ESEDs calculated from measured strains. Hence, highly localized out-of-plane elastic strains and ESEDs of grains with high relative misorientations with their neighbors determined, at least in part, which grains became whiskers or hillocks.

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Articles
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Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , 14 March 2013 , pp. 747 - 756
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013

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References

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