Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-18T23:05:19.763Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation and processing of mesoporous barium titanate powders via the micelle template method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2006

Hong-Wen Wang ,
Chien-Hung Kuo ,
Tsai-Huei Liao ,
Ren-Jay Lin  and
Syh-Yuh Cheng
Hong-Wen Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
Chien-Hung Kuo
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
Tsai-Huei Liao
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
Ren-Jay Lin
Affiliation:
Materials Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chu-Tung,Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
Syh-Yuh Cheng
Affiliation:
Materials Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chu-Tung,Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: hongwen@cycu.edu.tw
Get access

Abstract

Mesoporous barium titanate powders having a 100- to 300-nm size were prepared by hydration and condensation of titanium tetra-isopropoxide and barium precursors in the presence of an organic surfactant, tetradecylamine, which was used as a self-assembly micelle. The processing and sintering of these mesoporous barium titanate powders has been investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify the structural characteristics and morphologies of the powders. Mesoporous wormhole-like powders with surface areas around 53 ∼ 108 m2/g could be obtained after removing the micelle organics by calcination at 400 °C for 3 h. Powders derived using barium hydroxide were found to form a larger pore size and a higher surface area. The addition of acetic acid was also effective in increasing the surface area. A formation mechanism for the mesoporous structure is depicted. Heat treatment caused the mesoporous spheres to shrink, and 155- ∼ 330-nm grain sizes were readily obtained after pressureless sintering at 900 ∼ 1000 °C for 1 h in air.

Keywords

Chemical synthesisNanostructurePowder processing
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , April 2006 , pp. 941 - 946
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Kresge, C.T., Leonowicz, M.E., Roth, W.J., Vartuli, J.C., Beck, J.S.: Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature 359, 710 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Beck, J.S., Vartuli, J.C., Roth, W.J., Leonowicz, M.E., Kresge, C.T., Schmitt, K.D., Chu, C.T-W., Olson, D.H., Sheppard, E.W., McCullen, S.B., Higgins, J.B., Schlenker, J.L.: A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 10834 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Huo, Q., Margolese, D.I., Ciesla, U., Feng, P., Gier, T.E., Sieger, P., Leon, R., Petroff, P.M., Schuth, F., Stucky, G.D.: Generalized synthesis of periodic surfactant/inorganic composite materials. Nature 368, 317 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Ciesla, U., Demuth, D., Leon, R., Petroff, P., Stucky, G., Unger, K., Schüth, F.: Surfactant controlled preparation of mesostructured transition-metal oxide compounds. Chem. Commun. 1387 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Ying, J.Y., Mchnert, C.P., Wong, M.S.: Synthesis and applications of supramolecular-templated mesoporous materials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 38, 56 (1999).Google Scholar
6.Antonelli, D.M., Ying, J.Y.: Synthesis of hexagonally packed mesoporous TiO2 by a modified sol-gel method. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2014 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Antonelli, D.M., Ying, J.Y.: Synthesis of a stable hexagonally packed mesoporous niobium oxide molecular sieve through a novel ligand-assisted templating mechanism. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35, 426 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Antonelli, D.M., Ying, J.Y.: Mesoporous materials. Curr. Opin. Colloid Inter. Sci. 1, 523 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Sun, T., Ying, J.Y.: Synthesis of microporous transition-metal-oxide molecular sieves by a supramolecular templating mechanism. Nature 389, 704 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Pavasupree, S., Suzuki, Y., Pivsa-Art, S., Yoshikawa, S.: Preparation and characterization of mesoporous MO2 (M = Ti, Ce, Zr, and Hf) nanopowders by a modified sol-gel method. Ceram. Int. 31, 959 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Solarska, R., Alexander, B.D., Augustynski, J.: Electrochromic and structural characteristics of mesoporous WO3 films prepared by a sol-gel method. J. Solid State Electrochem. 8, 748 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Antonelli, D.M.: Synthesis of phosphorus-free mesoporous titania via templating with smine surfactants. Microporous Macroporous Mater. 30, 315 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Yoshitake, H., Sugihara, T., Tatsumi, T.: Preparation of worm hole-like mesoporous TiO2 with an extremely large surface area and stabilization of its surface by chemical vapor deposition. Chem. Mater. 14, 1023 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Wang, Y-D., Ma, C-L., Sun, X-D., Li, H-D.: Neutral templating route to mesoporous structured TiO2. Mater. Lett. 54, 359 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Wada, N., Hiramatsu, T., Ikeda, J., Hamji, Y. Dielectric ceramic, method for producing the same, laminated ceramic electronic element, and method for producing the same. U.S. Patent No. 6,303,529 (2001).Google Scholar
16.Kishi, H., Mizuno, Y., Chazono, H.: Base-metal electrode-multilayer ceramic capacitors: Past, present and future perspectives. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 1 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Yamada, K., Kohiki, S.: Dielectric and optical properties of BaTiO3 mesocrystals. Physica E 4, 228 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Doeuff, S., Henry, M., Sanchez, C., Livage, J.: Hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides: Modification of the molecular precursor by acetic acid. J. Non-Cryst. Solid 89, 206 (1987).Google Scholar
19.Yi, G., Sayer, M.: An acetic acid/water based sol-gel PZT process I: Modification of Zr and Ti alkoxides with acetic acid. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 6, 65 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Sale, F.R.: Thermal analysis and the processing of electronic and magnetic ceramics. J. Therm. Anal. 42, 793 (1994).Google Scholar
21.Wu, Y., German, R.M., Blaine, D., Marx, B., Schlaefer, C.: Effects of residual carbon content on sintering shrinkage, microstructure and mechanical properties of injection molded 17-4 PH stainless steel. J. Mater. Sci. 37, 3573 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Uchikoba, F., Sato, S., Hirakata, K., Takahashi, T., Kosaka, Y., Sawamura, K.: Binder burnout and sintering process of internal copper electrode-containing multilayer capacitors. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Japan 14B, 1707 (1994).Google Scholar