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Particle and grain size effects on the dielectric behavior of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Philippe Papet ,
Joseph P. Dougherty  and
Thomas R. Shrout
Philippe Papet
Affiliation:
Center for Dielectric Studies, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Joseph P. Dougherty
Affiliation:
Center for Dielectric Studies, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Thomas R. Shrout
Affiliation:
Center for Dielectric Studies, Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Abstract

The role of particle and grain size on the dielectric behavior of the perovskite relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [PMN] was investigated. Ultrafine powders of PMN were prepared using a reactive calcination process. Reactive calcination, the process by which morphological changes take place upon reaction of the component powders, produced particle agglomerates less than 0.5 μm. Through milling, these structures were readily broken down to ∼70 nanometer-sized particulates. The highly reactive powders allowed densification as low as 900 °C, but with corresponding grain growth in the micron range. Such grain growth was associated with liquid phase sintering as a result of PbO–Nb2O5 second phase(s) pyrochlore. Sintering, assisted by hot uniaxial pressing, below the temperature of liquid formation of 835 °C, allowed the fabrication of highly dense materials with a grain size less than 0.3 μm. The dielectric and related properties were determined for samples having grain sizes in the range of 0.3 μm to 6 μm. Characteristic of relaxors, frequency dependence (K and loss) and point of Tmax were found to be related to grain and/or particle size and secondarily to the processing conditions. Modeling of particle size/dielectric behavior was performed using various dielectric properties of 0–3 composites comprised of varying size powder in a polymer matrix. An intrinsic-microdomain perturbation concept was proposed to interpret observed scaling effects of the relaxor dielectric behavior in contrast to normally accepted extrinsic grain boundary models.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 5 , Issue 12 , December 1990 , pp. 2902 - 2909
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1990

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