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Structural and textural changes from polyimide Kapton to graphite: Part I. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

C. Bourgerette ,
A. Oberlin  and
M. Inagaki
C. Bourgerette
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Marcel Mathieu, UMR124 CNRS-DRET-UPPA, 2 avenue du Président P. Angot–Hélioparc, 64000–Pau, France
A. Oberlin
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Marcel Mathieu, UMR124 CNRS-DRET-UPPA, 2 avenue du Président P. Angot–Hélioparc, 64000–Pau, France
M. Inagaki
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060 Japan
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Abstract

Kapton films, 25 μm thick, were carbonized and then graphitized at various temperatures up to 3000 °C. They were studied by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and were prepared by thin-sectioning for transmission electron microscopy. The residual embedded blocks were used as polished sections for optical microscopy. Kapton thin film heat-treated at 650 °C showed thin areas of preferred orientation at its two opposite faces. This orientation extends all over the film thickness between 800 °C and 1000 °C. It corresponds to a statistical orientation of small aromatic layer stacks, parallel to the film plane. From 1000 °C up to 2475 °C flattened pores develop everywhere. At 2475 °C, they suddenly collapse and partial graphitization occurs. The Kapton film is completely graphitized between 2820 °C and 3000 °C. The mechanism of graphitization is similar to that of anthracites and also to that of nongraphitizing carbons heat-treated under pressure.

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Journal of Materials Research , Volume 7 , Issue 5 , May 1992 , pp. 1158 - 1173
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1992

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