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Upper Paleozoic cephalopod mandibles: frequency of occurrence, modes of preservation, and paleoecological implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2016

Royal H. Mapes
Royal H. Mapes*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens 45701
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Abstract

Thirty localities in the Upper Paleozoic (Mississippian–Permian) of North America have yielded more than 1,000 cephalopod mandibles preserved as carbon films, pyrite/limonite internal molds, and as nuclei in phosphate, carbonate, and ironstone concretions. With occasional exceptions, cephalopod mandibles, as part of either the microfauna or macrofauna, are rare despite the fact that co-occurring cephalopods may be extremely abundant. Without exception, the mandibles recovered co-occur with ammonoids and very frequently with bactritoids. Localities containing only nautiloids, either coiled or orthoconic, have not yet yielded cephalopod mandibles. Also, nekroplanktic accumulations of cephalopods have not yielded mandibles. Except for Lagerstätten deposits (two occurrences), the cephalopod mandibles were always recovered from molluscan-dominated communities; these communities have been interpreted as being in relatively offshore, “deeper” water in normal marine salinities with relatively low to anoxic oxygen conditions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 61 , Issue 3 , May 1987 , pp. 521 - 538
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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