Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T06:54:27.499Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Northeast Pacific Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene Glycymeridid Bivalves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Richard L. Squires
Richard L. Squires*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge 91330-8266 Research Associate, Invertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Late Cretaceous to late Paleocene record of glycymeridid bivalves in the region extending from the Alaska Peninsula, southward to Baja California, Mexico is studied in detail for the first time. Glycymeris pacifica (Anderson, 1902), of late Cenomanian to late Turonian age, is the earliest known glycymeridid in the study area. Very locally, it is found with the middle to late Turonian Glycymeris yoloensis n. sp. The latter apparently represents some intermediate state between genus Glycymeris da Costa, 1778 and genus Glycymerita Finlay and Marwick, 1937. In the study area, Glycymerita is represented by Glycymerita veatchii (Gabb, 1864), middle to late Turonian to late Campanian; Glycymerita banosensis (Anderson, 1958) new combination, late Campanian to latest Maastrichtian; Glycymerita aleuta n. sp., known only from Alaska and of early Maastrichtian age; and Glycymerita major (Stanton, 1896) new combination, Selandian to Thanetian. All the studied species lived in warm-temperate, shallow-marine waters and were shallow burrowers in fine-grained siliciclastic sediments. Variability in morphology is common in sizeable populations of the various species, especially Glycymerita veatchii, which increased nearly fivefold in size during its 19.5 million-year-long range and culminated in shells up to 84 mm in length.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 84 , Issue 5 , September 2010 , pp. 895 - 917
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbott, R. T. 1982. Compendium of Seashells. E. P. Dutton, New York, 411 p.Google Scholar
Adegoke, O. S. 1977. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene) of southwestern Nigeria. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 71(295):1–379.Google Scholar
Akers, R. E. and Akers, T. J. 2002. Texas Cretaceous bivalves 2. Paleontology Section, Houston Gem and Mineral Society, Texas Paleontology Series Publication, 7, 516 p.Google Scholar
Almgren, A. A. 1986. Benthic foraminiferal zonation and correlations of Upper Cretaceous strata of the Great Valley of California—a modification, p. 137–152. In Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy Western North America. Pacific Section, SEPM, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Anderson, F. M. 1902. Cretaceous deposits of the Pacific coast. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 3, Geology, 2:1–54.Google Scholar
Anderson, F. M. 1938. Lower Cretaceous deposits in California and Oregon. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 16:1–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, F. M. 1958. Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific coast. Geological Society of America Memoir, 71, 378 p.Google Scholar
Arnold, R. 1907a. New and characteristic species of fossil mollusks from the oil-bearing Tertiary formations of southern California. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum Proceedings, 32:525–546.Google Scholar
Arnold, R. 1907b. Fossils of the oil-bearing formations of southern California, p. 219–220. In Eldridge, G. H. and Arnold, R., The Santa Clara Valley Oil District, Southern California, U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 309.Google Scholar
Beu, A. G. and Maxwell, P. A. 1990. Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin, 58:1–518.Google Scholar
Beurlen, K. 1944. Beiträge zur Stammersgeschichte der Muscheln. München Akademie Sitzungsberichte, 11:133–143.Google Scholar
Boss, K. J. 1982. Mollusca, p. 945–1166. In Parker, S. P. (ed.), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Google Scholar
Branner, J. C., Newson, J. F., and Arnold, R. 1909. Santa Cruz Folio. U.S. Geological Survey Atlas, 163, 11 p.Google Scholar
Carter, J. G. 1990. Evolutionary significance of shell microstructure in the Palaeotaxodonta, Pteriomorpha and Isofilibranchia (Bivalvia: Mollusca), p. 135–296. In Carter, J. G. (ed.), Skeletal Biomineralization. Patterns, Processes and Evolutionary Trends. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.Google Scholar
Casey, R. 1961. The stratigraphical palaeontology of the Lower Greensand. Palaeontology, 3:487–621.Google Scholar
Clark, B. L. 1929. Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California. With illustrations of index fossils of Tertiary horizons. Published by the author, Berkeley, 30 p.Google Scholar
Clark, B. L. and Woodford, A. O. 1937. The geology and paleontology of the type section of the Meganos Formation (lower middle Eocene) of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 17:63–142.Google Scholar
Coan, E. V., Scott, P. V., and Bernard, F. R. 2000. Bivalve seashells of western North America. Marine bivalve mollusks from arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Monographs Number 2, Studies in Biodiversity Number 2, 764 p.Google Scholar
Coan, E. V. and Scott, P. V.In press. Bivalve seashells of tropical west America. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1857a. Descriptions of three new genera, twenty-three new species middle Tertiary fossils from California, and one from Texas. Proceedings of Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 8:312–316. [Reprinted by Dall, 1909:173-175].Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1857b. Description of the Tertiary fossils on the survey. Pacific Rail Road Reports, Volume 6, part 2, number 2, p. 69–73. [Reprinted by Dall, 1909:176-179].Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1857c. Report on the paleontology of the survey [Parke's surveys in California]. Pacific Rail Road Reports, Volume 7, part 2, p. 189–196. [Reprinted by Dall, 1909:180-185].Google Scholar
Costa, E. M. DA. 1778. Historia Naturalis Testaceorum Britanniae; or, The British Conchology, etc. Millan, White, Elmsley, and Robson, London, 254 p.Google Scholar
Crandall, R. 1907. The Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Santa Clara Valley region in California. American Journal of Science, series 4, 24:33–54.Google Scholar
Cvancara, A. M. 1966. Revision of the fauna of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) of North and South Dakota. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, 20:277–374.Google Scholar
Dailey, D. H. and Popenoe, W. P. 1966. Mollusca from the Upper Cretaceous Jalama Formation, Santa Barbara County, California. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 65, 27 p.Google Scholar
Dall, W. H. 1908. Reports on the dredging operations off the coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer “Albatross” during 1891. Harvard University, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 46:205–487.Google Scholar
Dall, W. H. 1909. Contributions to the Tertiary paleontology of the Pacific coast. I. The Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 59, 277 p.Google Scholar
Dhondt, A. V. and Dieni, I. 1993. Non-rudistid bivalves from Late Cretaceous rudist limestones of NE Italy (Col dei Schiosi and Lago di S. Croce areas). Memorie de Sicenze Geologiche, 45:165–241.Google Scholar
Dickerson, R. E. 1914a. Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, 8:61–180.Google Scholar
Dickerson, R. E. 1914b. The Martinez Eocene and associated formations at Rock Creek on the western border of the Mohave Desert area. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology, 8:289–298.Google Scholar
Elder, W. P. and Miller, J. W. 1992. Maps and checklists of U. S. Geological Survey Jurassic and Cretaceous macrofossil localities, northernmost Diablo Range, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 92-278, 12 p.Google Scholar
Elder, W. P. and Saul, L. R. 1993. Paleogeographic implications of molluscan assemblages in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Pigeon Point Formation, California, p. 171–186. In Dunne, G. and McDougall, K. (eds.), Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 71, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Finlay, H. J. and Marwick, J. 1937. The Wangaloan and associated molluscan faunas of Kaitangata-Green Island subdivision. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Geological Survey Branch, Palaeontological Bulletin, 15:1–140.Google Scholar
Fleming, C. A. 1966. Marwicks illustrations of New Zealand shells, with a checklist of New Zealand Cenozoic Mollusca. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 173:1–456.Google Scholar
Gabb, W. M. 1864. Description of the Cretaceous fossils. Geological Survey of California, Palaeontology, 1:57–243.Google Scholar
Gillet, S. 1924. Études sur les lamellibranches néocomiens. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, nouvelle série, 1(3):1–324.Google Scholar
Gmelin, J. F. 1791. Vermes, p. 3021–3910. In Caroli a Linnaei, Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Tomus 1, Pt. 6. Editio Decima Tertia, Acuta, Reformata. Lipsiae (Leipzig), Georg Emmanuel Beer.Google Scholar
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., and Smith, A. G. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 589 p.Google Scholar
Haggart, J. 1986. Stratigraphy of the Redding Formation of north-central California and its bearing on Late Cretaceous paleogeography, p. 161–178. In Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy Western North America. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 46, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Hayami, I. 1965. Lower Cretaceous marine pelecypods of Japan, Part 1. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science of Kyushu University, series D, Geology, 15:221–349.Google Scholar
Hayami, I. 1975. A systematic survey of the Mesozoic Bivalvia from Japan. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo Bulletin, 10:1–249.Google Scholar
Henderson, R. A., Crampton, J. S., Dettmann, M. E., Douglas, J. G., Haig, D., Shafik, S., Stilwell, J. D., and Thulborn, R. A. 2000. Biogeographical observations on the Cretaceous biota of Australasia. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 23:355–404.Google Scholar
Hertlein, L. G. and Grant, U. S. IV. 1972. The geology and paleontology of the marine Pliocene of San Diego, California (Paleontology: Pelecypoda). San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir, 2 (part 2B), 409 p.Google Scholar
Holme, N. A. 1961. Shell form in Venerupis rhomboides. Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 41:705–722.Google Scholar
Hornafius, J. S. 1985. Neogene tectonic rotation of the Santa Ynez Range, western Transverse Ranges, California, suggested by paleomagnetic investigation of the Monterey Formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(B14):12,503–12,522.Google Scholar
Iredale, T. 1931. Australian molluscan notes, No. 1. Records of the Australian Museum, 18:201–235.Google Scholar
Jones, D. L. 1963. Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) ammonites from southern Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 432, 49 p.Google Scholar
Jones, D. L. and Detterman, R. L. 1966. Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Kamishak Hills, Alaska Peninsula. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 550-D:D53–D58.Google Scholar
Jones, D. L., Sliter, W. V., and Popenoe, W. P. 1978. Mid-Cretaceous (Albian to Turonian) biostratigraphy of northern California. Annales du Muséum dHistoire Naturelle de Nice, 4:22.1–22.13.Google Scholar
King, L. C. 1934. The geology of the Lower Awatere district, Marlborough. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, 16:1–312.Google Scholar
Kodama, K. P. and Ward, P. D. 2001. Compaction-corrected paleomagnetic paleolatitudes for Late Cretaceous rudists along the Cretaceous California margin: evidence for less than 1,500 km of post-Late Cretaceous offset for Baja British Columbia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113:1171–1178.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. B. P. A. 1809. Philosophie Zoologique. 2 Tomes. Paris, 895 p.Google Scholar
Leymerie, A. 1842. Suite du mémoire sur le terrain Crétacé du département de L'Aube. Seconde Partie (Partie Paléontologique). Mémoire da la Société Géologique de France, 5(2):1–34.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Editio decima, reformata. Volume 1, Regnum animale. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 p.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Editio duodecima, reformata. Volume 1(2). Salvius, Stockholm, p. 533–1327.Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R. and Beard, G. 1994. West Coast Fossils. A Guide to the Ancient Life of Vancouver Island. Whitecap Books, Vancouver/Toronto, 194 p.Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R. and Beard, G. 1997. West Coast Fossils. A Guide to the Ancient Life of Vancouver Island (second edition). Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, British Columbia, 216 p.Google Scholar
Marshall, P. 1917. The Wangaloa Beds. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 49:450–460.Google Scholar
Marwick, J. 1923. The genus Glycymeris in New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 54:63–80.Google Scholar
Matsukuma, A. 1986. Cenozoic glycymeridid bivalves of Japan. Palaeontological Society of Japan Special Papers, 29:77–94.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1960. Upper Cretaceous ammonites of California. Part 3. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, series D, Geology, Special Volume 2, 204 p.Google Scholar
McLellan, R. D. 1927. The geology of the San Juan Islands. University of Washington Publications in Geology, 2:1–185.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. and Hayden, F. V. 1857. Description of new species and genera of fossils collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska Territory. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 9:117–148.Google Scholar
Middendorff, A. T. 1849. Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. Académie des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg Mémoires, série 6, 6:517–610.Google Scholar
Moore, E. J. 1983. Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California: Nuculidae through Malleidae. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1228-A, 108 p.Google Scholar
Murphy, M. and Rodda, P. U. 1960. Mollusca of the Cretaceous Bald Hills Formation of California. Journal of Paleontology, 34:835–858.Google Scholar
Murphy, M., Rodda, P. U., and Morton, D. M. 1969. Geology of the Ono Quadrangle, Shasta and Tehama counties, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin, 192, 28 p.Google Scholar
Newell, N. D. 1969. Family Glycymerididae Newton, 1922, p. N267–N269. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N, Volume 1 (of 3), Mollusca 6 Bivalvia. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. 1945. Genera and subgenera of the pelecypod family Glycymeridae. Journal of Paleontology, 19:616–621.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. 1950. Origin of the pelecypod family Glycymeridae. Journal of Paleontology, 24:89–98.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. and Jones, D. S. 1984. Review of Postligata, a Late Cretaceous pelecypod. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 18:67–69.Google Scholar
Olsson, A. A. 1961. Mollusks of the tropical eastern Pacific particularly from the southern half of the Panamic-Pacific faunal province (Panama to Peru). Panamic-Pacific Pelecypoda. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York, 574 p.Google Scholar
Orbigny, A. C. V. D. d. 1843-1847. Paléontologie Française. Terrains Crétacés. Tome 3. Lamellibranchia. Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 807 p. Atlas [1847].Google Scholar
Palmer, K. V. W. and Brann, D. C. 1965. Catalogue of the Paleocene and Eocene Mollusca of the southern and eastern United States. Part 1. Pelecypoda, Amphineura, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, and Cephalopoda. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 48(218):1–443.Google Scholar
Plafker, G., Moore, J. C., and Winker, G. R. 1994. Geology of the southern Alaska margin, p. 389–449. In Plafker, G. and Berg, H. C. (eds.), The Geology of North America, Vol. G-1, The Geology of Alaska. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P. 1942. Upper Cretaceous formations and faunas of southern California. The Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 26:162–187.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P. 1954. Mesozoic formations and faunas, southern California and northern Baja California, p. 15–19. In Jahns, R. H. (ed.), Geology of Southern California. Chapter 3, Historical Geology. California Division of Mines Bulletin 170.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P. 1973. Southern California Cretaceous formations and faunas with especial reference to the Simi Hills and Santa Monica Mountains, p. 15–29. In Colburn, I. P. and Fritsche, A. E. (eds.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Hills, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Fall Field Trip, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P. 1983. Cretaceous Aporrhaidae from California: Aporrhainae and Arrhoginae. Journal of Paleontology, 57:742–765.Google Scholar
Poppe, G. T. and Goto, Y. 1993. European Seashells. Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany, 221 p.Google Scholar
Powell, C. L. II. 1992. Preliminary review of Holocene and Pleistocene northeastern Pacific Glycymeris. Western Society of Malacologists, Annual Report, 24:8–9.Google Scholar
Purchon, R. D. 1939. The effect of the environment upon the shell of Cardium edule. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 23:256–267.Google Scholar
Reeve, L. 1843. Descriptions by Mr. Lovell Reeve of new species figured in the “Conchologia Systematica.” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, for 1842, p. 197–200.Google Scholar
Rennie, J. V. L. 1930. New Lamellibranchia and Gastropoda from the Upper Cretaceous of Pondoland (with an appendix on some species from the Cretaceous of Zululand). Annals of the South African Museum, 28:159–260.Google Scholar
Riccardi, A. C. 1988. The Cretaceous System of southern South America. Geological Society of America Memoir 168, 161 p.Google Scholar
Richards, H. G. 1958. Pelecypoda, p. 59–266. In The Cretaceous fossils of New Jersey. Part 1. Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Echinoidea, Brachiopoda and Pelecypoda. Paleontology Series. New Jersey Bureau of Geology and Topography, Trenton.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. 1959. Senonian mollusks from Chico Creek. Unpublished , , 170 p.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. 1973. Evidence for the origin of the Mactridae (Bivalvia) in the Cretaceous. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 9:1–51.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. 1982. Water depth indications from Late Cretaceous mollusks, Santa Ana Mountains, California, p. 69–76. In Bottjer, D. J., Colburn, I. P., and Cooper, J. D. (eds.), Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Field Trip Volume and Guidebook, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. 1986. Pacific west coast Cretaceous molluscan faunas: time and aspect of changes, p. 131–135. In Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy Western North America. Pacific Section, SEPM, Volume 46, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. and Popenoe, W. P. 1962. Meekia enigmatic Cretaceous pelecypod genus. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 40:289–344.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. and Squires, R. L. 2008. Volutoderminae (Gastropoda: Volutidae) of Coniacian through Maastrichtian age from the North American Pacific slope. Journal of Paleontology, 82:213–237.Google Scholar
Smith, C. T. 1945. The biostratigraphy of Glycymeris veatchii in California. Journal of Paleontology, 19:35–44.Google Scholar
Smith, J. T. 1975. Age, correlation, and possible Tethyan affinities of mollusks from Lodo Formation of Fresno County, California, p. 464–483. In Weaver, D. W., Hornaday, G. R., and Tipton, A. (eds.), Future Energy Horizons of the Pacific Coast. Pacific Sections, AAPG, SEPM, and SEG, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Sohl, N. F. 1987. Cretaceous gastropods: Contrasts between Tethys and the temperate provinces. Journal of Paleontology, 61:1085–1111.Google Scholar
Sowerby, J. D. E. 1823. The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, or Coloured Figures and Descriptions of Those Remains. Volume 5. Published by the author, London, 171 p.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1984. Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science 350, 76 p.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1987. Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science 338, 93 p.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 2003. Turnovers in marine gastropod faunas during the Eocene-Oligocene transition, west coast of the United States, p. 14–35. In Prothero, D. R., Ivany, L. C., and Nesbitt, E. A. (eds.), From Greenhouse to Icehouse, the Marine Eocene-Oligocene Transition. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. and Saul, L. R. 2006. Cretaceous Acila (Truncacila) (Bivalvia: Nuculidae) from the Pacific slope of North America. The Veliger, 48:83–104.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. and Saul, L. R. 2009. Cretaceous opine bivalves from the Pacific slope of North America and palaeobiogeography of subfamily Opinae Chavan, 1969. Palaeontology, 52:1311–1347.Google Scholar
Stadum, C. J. 1973. A student guide to Orange County fossils. Chapman College Press, Orange, California, 64 p.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1970. Relation of shell form to life habits in the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Geological Society of America Memoir 125, 296 p.Google Scholar
Stanton, T. W. 1895. Contributions to the Cretaceous paleontology of the Pacific coast: the fauna of the Knoxville beds. U.S. Geological Suvey Bulletin, 133, 132 p.Google Scholar
Stanton, T. W. 1896. The faunal relations of the Eocene and Upper Cretaceous on the Pacific coast. U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report, 17 (part 1):1011–1048.Google Scholar
Stephenson, L. W. 1941. The larger invertebrate fossils of the Navarro Group. University of Texas Publication, 4101, 641 p.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. B. 1930. Gabbs California Cretaceous and Tertiary type lamellibranches. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publication, 3:1–314.Google Scholar
Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa, 22:29–58.Google Scholar
Stoliczka, F. 1870-1871. The Pelecypoda. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, series 6, Cretaceous Fauna of Southern India, 3, 537 p.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A. 1979. Upper Cretaceous macro-fossils of San Diego, p. 173–176. In Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Geological Excursions in the Southern California Area. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Field Trip Volume and Guidebook, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A. 1980. Late Cretaceous paleoecology of the Holz Shale, Orange County, California. Journal of Paleontology, 54:840–857.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A. and Riney, B. O. 1984. Preliminary report on the Upper Cretaceous macro-invertebrate faunas near Carlsbad, California, p. 103–107. In Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Upper Cretaceous Depositional Systems, Southern California-Northern Baja California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 36, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Tashiro, M. 1971. Upper Cretaceous glycymerids in Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, new series, 84:225–242.Google Scholar
Tennison-Woods, J. E. 1878. On some new marine Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for Victoria, 14:55–65.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. D. K. 1975. Functional morphology, ecology, and evolutionary conservatism in the Glycymerididae (Bivalvia). Palaeontology, 18:217–254.Google Scholar
Toulmin, L. D. 1977. Stratigraphic distribution of Paleocene and Eocene fossils in the eastern Gulf Coast region. Geological Survey of Alabama, Monograph, 13, 602 p.Google Scholar
Tschudin, P. E. 2001. Shell morphology, shell texture and species discrimination of Caribbean Tucetona (Bivalvia, Glycymeridae). Journal of Paleontology, 75:658–679.Google Scholar
Wade, B. 1926. The fauna of the Ripley Formation on Coon Creek, Tennessee. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 137, 272 p.Google Scholar
Waring, C. A. 1917. Stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez to the Chico and Tejon of southern California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 4, 7:41–124.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. 1953. Eocene and Paleocene deposits at Martinez, California. University of Washington Publications in Geology, 7:1–102.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1887. Contribuições á paleontologia do Brazil. Archivos do Museum Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 7:1–273. [Portuguese and English in parallel columns].Google Scholar
Whiteaves, J. F. 1903. On some additional fossils from the Vancouver Cretaceous, with a revised list of the species therefrom. Geological Survey of Canada, Mesozoic Fossils, 5:309–515.Google Scholar
Willett, G. 1943. Northwest American species of Glycimeris. Bulletin of Southern California Academy of Sciences, 42:107–114.Google Scholar
Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kew, W. S. W. 1946. Geology and paleontology of Palos Verdes Hills, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 207, 145 p.Google Scholar
Woods, H. 1899-1903. A monograph of the Cretaceous Lamellibranchia of England. The Palaeontographical Society, London, 232 p.Google Scholar
Zinsmeister, W. J. 1983. Late Paleocene (“Martinez Provincial Stage”) molluscan fauna from the Simi Hills, Ventura County, California, p. 61–70. In Squires, R. L. and Filewicz, M. V. (eds.), Cenozoic Geology of the Simi Valley Area, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Volume 35.Google Scholar