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Observation of subcritical shocks in a collisional laboratory plasma: scale dependence near the resistive length

Part of: Highlights from High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics 2022

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2023

D.R. Russell Open the ORCID record for D.R. Russell [Opens in a new window] ,
G.C. Burdiak ,
J.J. Carroll-Nellenback Open the ORCID record for J.J. Carroll-Nellenback [Opens in a new window] ,
J.W.D. Halliday Open the ORCID record for J.W.D. Halliday [Opens in a new window] ,
J.D. Hare Open the ORCID record for J.D. Hare [Opens in a new window] ,
S. Merlini Open the ORCID record for S. Merlini [Opens in a new window] ,
L.G. Suttle Open the ORCID record for L.G. Suttle [Opens in a new window] ,
V. Valenzuela-Villaseca Open the ORCID record for V. Valenzuela-Villaseca [Opens in a new window] ,
S.J. Eardley  and
J.A. Fullalove
...Show all authors
D.R. Russell*
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
G.C. Burdiak
Affiliation:
First Light Fusion Ltd, Yarnton, Kidlington OX5 1QU, UK
J.J. Carroll-Nellenback
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
J.W.D. Halliday
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
J.D. Hare
Affiliation:
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
S. Merlini
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
L.G. Suttle
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
V. Valenzuela-Villaseca
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
S.J. Eardley
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
J.A. Fullalove
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
G.C. Rowland
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
R.A. Smith
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
A. Frank
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
P. Hartigan
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA
A.L. Velikovich
Affiliation:
Plasma Physics Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
J.P. Chittenden
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
S.V. Lebedev
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: daniel.russell@frm2.tum.de
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Abstract

We present a study of subcritical shocks in a highly collisional laboratory plasma with a dynamically significant magnetic field. Shocks were produced by placing cylindrical obstacles into the supermagnetosonic ($M_{{\rm MS}} \sim 1.9$) outflow from an inverse wire array z-pinch at the MAGPIE pulsed power facility ($n_{e} \sim 8.5 \times 10^{17}\,{\rm cm}^{-3}$, $v \sim 45\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$). We demonstrate the existence of subcritical shocks in this regime and find that secondary stagnation shocks form in the downstream which we infer from interferometry and optical Thomson scattering measurements are hydrodynamic in nature. The subcritical shock width is found to be approximately equal to the resistive diffusion length and we demonstrate the absence of a jump in hydrodynamic parameters. Temperature measurements by collective optical Thomson scattering showed little temperature change across the subcritical shock (${<}10\,\%$ of the ion kinetic energy) which is consistent with a balance between adiabatic and Ohmic heating and radiative cooling. We demonstrate the absence of subcritical shocks when the obstacle diameter is less than the resistive diffusion length due to decoupling of the magnetic field from the plasma. These findings are supported by magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the Gorgon and AstroBEAR codes and discrepancies between the simulations and experiment are discussed.

Keywords

plasma wavesplasma nonlinear phenomenaastrophysical plasmas
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Plasma Physics , Volume 89 , Issue 4 , August 2023 , 915890401
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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