Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T15:20:42.928Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Psychometric Properties of the Counselor Burnout Inventory in Greek School Counsellors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2018

Kalliopi Kounenou ,
Sofia Gkemisi ,
Panagiotis Nanopoulos  and
George Tsitsas
Kalliopi Kounenou*
Affiliation:
Department of Education, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, Athens, Greece
Sofia Gkemisi
Affiliation:
Department of Education, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, Athens, Greece
Panagiotis Nanopoulos
Affiliation:
Department of Education, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, Athens, Greece
George Tsitsas
Affiliation:
Harokopio University, Counselling Centre, Athens, Greece
*
address for correspondence: Kalliopi Kounenou, Department of Education, School of Pedagogical & Technological Education, 141 21 Hrakleion, Attica, Greece. Email: kkounen@aspete.gr
Get access

Abstract

The present study aimed at testing and exploring the psychometric properties of the Counselor Burnout Inventory (CBI) in Greek school counsellors. Two hundred school counsellors from all over Greece participated in the study. The confirmatory study revealed four dimensions of the Greek version of CBI; namely, exhaustion, deterioration in personal life, incompetence, and negative work environment. Adequate psychometric properties of the version were revealed as well. The results also showed a negative relation between age and three dimensions of CBI, imposing the need for special training offered to young school counsellors in order for them to cope effectively and early enough with the burnout syndrome.

Keywords

school counsellor burnoutCounsellor Burnout Inventoryage
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , June 2018 , pp. 33 - 54
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackerley, G.D., Burnell, J., Holder, D.C., & Kurdek, L.A. (1988). Burnout among licensed psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 624–631.Google Scholar
Angerer, J. (2003). Job burnout. Journal of Employment Counseling, 40, 98–107. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.2003.tb00860.xGoogle Scholar
Athanasiades, C. (2011). Counselling psychology in the Greek context. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 8, 289–308.Google Scholar
Azar, S. (2000). Preventing burnout in professionals and paraprofessionals who work with child abuse and neglect cases: A cognitive behavioral approach to supervision. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 643–663. doi:10.1002/(sici)10974679(200005)56:5<643::aid-jclp6>3.0.co;2-uGoogle Scholar
Bagozzi, R.P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74–94.Google Scholar
Bakker, B.A., Van der Zee, I.K., Lewig, K.A., & Dollard, M.F., (2002). The relationship between the big five personality factors and burnout: A study among volunteer counselors. The Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 1–19.Google Scholar
Boy, A., & Pine, G. (1980). Avoiding counselor burnout through role renewal. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, 161–163. doi:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1980.tb00521.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Butler, K., & Konstantine, M.G. (2005). Collective self-esteem and burnout in professional school counselors. ASCA-Professional School Counselling, 9, 55–62.Google Scholar
Caldwell, M.P. (1984). Stress/distress/burnout: A perspective for counseling and therapy. Journal of Individual Psychology, 40, 475–483.Google Scholar
Carrola, P., Yu, K., Sass, D., & Lee, S. (2012). Measurement invariance of the Counselor Burnout Inventory across cultures: A comparison of U.S. and Korean counselors. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 45, 227–244.Google Scholar
Clark, H.K., Murdock, N.L., & Koetting, K. (2009). Predicting burnout and career choice satisfaction in counseling psychology graduate students. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 580–606.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.Google Scholar
Elman, B., & Dowd, E. (1997). Correlates of burnout in inpatient substance abuse treatment therapists. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 17, 56–65. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1874.1997.tb00114.xGoogle Scholar
Emerson, S., & Markos, P. (1996). Signs and symptoms of the impaired counselor. The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 34, 108–117. doi:10.1002/j.2164-4683.1996.tb00335.xGoogle Scholar
Evans, T., & Villavisanis, R. (1997). Encouragement exchange: Avoiding therapist burnout. The Family Journal, 5, 342–345. doi:10.1177/1066480797054013Google Scholar
Feldstein, S.B. (2000). The relationship between supervision and burnout in school counselors (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International, 61, 507.Google Scholar
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freudenberger, H.J. (1974). Staff-burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 159–165. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.xGoogle Scholar
Fouladi, R.T. (1998, April). Covariance structure analysis techniques under conditions of multivariate normality and nonnormality — Modified and bootstrap test statistics. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Garner, B.R., Knight, K., & Simson, D.D. (2007). Burnout among corrections-based drug treatment staff. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51, 510–522.Google Scholar
Gaskin, J., (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis. Gaskination's StatWiki. Retrieved February 13, 2014, from http://statwiki.kolobcreations.comGoogle Scholar
Gnilka, P.B., Karpinski, A.C., & Smith, H.J. (2015). Factor structure of the counselor burnout inventory in a sample of professional school counselors. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 48 (3), 177–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Hoeksma, J.H., Guy, J.D., Brown, C.K., & Brady, J.L. (1993). The relationship between psychotherapist burnout and satisfaction with leisure activities. Psychotherapy in Private Practice, 12, 51–57. doi:10.1300/J294v12n04_05Google Scholar
Hoyle, R.H. (1995). Structural equation modelling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
Hubert, T.J., & Huebner, E.S. (1988). A national survey of burnout among school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 24, 54–61.Google Scholar
Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D. (1984). Lisrel VI. Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods. Mooresville, Indiana: Scientific Software.Google Scholar
Jupp, J.J., & Shaul, V. (1991). Burn-out in student counsellors. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 4, 157–167.Google Scholar
Kline, R.B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kounenou, K., & Koumoundourou, G. (2017, May). Career counsellors’ burn out and competency skills: The role of personality. Paper presented at 16th Panhellenic Conference of Research in Psychology, ‘Individuals, Institutions, Society: The World of Psychology’, Thessaloniki, Greece.Google Scholar
Kounenou, K., Koumoundourou, G., & Makri-Botsari, E. (2010). Greek school career counselors competencies and burnout syndrome. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1890–1895. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.1004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraus, V.I. (2005). Relationship between self-care, compassion fatigue, and burnout among mental health professionals working with adolescent sex offenders. Counseling and Clinical Psychology Journal, 2, 81–83.Google Scholar
Lambie, G.W. (2007). The contribution of ego development level to burnout in school counselors: Implications for professional school counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 85, 82–88. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00447.xGoogle Scholar
Lattanzi, M. (1981). Coping with work-related losses. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, 350–351. doi:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1981.tb00566.xGoogle Scholar
Layne, C.M., Hohenshil, T.H., & Singh, K. (2004). The relationship of occupational stress, psychological strain, and coping resources to the turnover intentions of rehabilitation counselors. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 48, 19–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S., Baker, C.R., Ho Cho, S., Heckathorn, D.E., Holland, M.W., Newgent, R.A., . . . Yu, K. (2007). Development and initial psychometrics of the counselor burnout inventory. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 40, 142–154.Google Scholar
Lee, J., Wallace, S., Puig, A., Choi, B.Y., Nam, S.K., & Lee, S.M. (2010). Factor structure of the Counselor Burnout Inventory in a sample of sexual offender and sexual abuse therapists. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43, 16–30.Google Scholar
Leiter, M., & Maslach, C. (2005). Banishing burnout: Six strategies for improving your relationship with work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Leiter, M., & Harvie, P. (1996). Burnout among mental health workers: A review and a research agenda. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 42, 90–101.Google Scholar
Lim, N., Kim, E.K., Kim, H., Yang, E., & Lee, S.M. (2010). Individual and work-related factors influencing burnout of mental health professionals: A meta-analysis. Journal of Employment Counseling, 47, 86–96. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.2010.tb00093.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacCallum, R.C., Browne, M.W., & Sugawara, H.M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–142.Google Scholar
McCarthy, W., & Frieze, I. (1999). Negative aspects of therapy: Client perceptions of therapists’ social influence, burnout, and quality of care. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 33–50. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00103Google Scholar
Manners, J., & Durkin, K. (2000). Processes involved in adult ego development: A conceptual framework. Development Review, 20, 475–513.Google Scholar
Maslach, C. (2005). Understanding burnout: Work and family issues. In Halpern, D. & Murphy, S.E. (Eds.), Work-family balance to work family interaction: Changing the metaphor (pp. 99–114). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S.E. (1985). The role of sex and the family variables in burnout. Sex Roles, 12, 837–851.Google Scholar
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W., & Leiter, M. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maslach-Pines, A., & Yafe-Yanai, O. (2001). Unconscious determinants of career choice and burnout: Theoretical model and counseling strategy. Journal of Employment Counseling, 38, 170–184. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1920.2001.tb00499.xGoogle Scholar
O'Halloran, T.M., & Linton, J.M. (2000). Stress on the job: Self-care resources for counselors. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 22 (4), 354–364.Google Scholar
Osborn, C. (2004). Seven salutary suggestions for counselor stamina. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82, 319–328. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00317.xGoogle Scholar
Osborne, J.W., & Costello, A.B. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation, 17, 1–10.Google Scholar
Pines, A., & Maslach, C. (1978). Characteristics of staff burnout in mental health settings. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 29, 233–237. doi:10.1176/ps.29.4.233Google Scholar
Rosenberg, T., & Pace, M. (2006). Burnout among mental health professionals: Special consideration for the marriage and the family therapist. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32, 87–99. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2006.tb01590.Google Scholar
Ross, R.R., Altmaier, E.M., & Russell, D.W. (1989). Job stress, social support, and burnout among counseling center staff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 464–470.Google Scholar
Ryan, R.R. (1996). A survey of occupational stress, psychological strain and coping resources in licensed professional counselors in Virginia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blackburg.36.Google Scholar
Savicki, V., & Cooley, E. (1987). The relationship of work environment and client contact to burnout in mental health professionals. Journal of Counseling & Development, 65, 249–252. doi:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1982.tb00789.xGoogle Scholar
Shin, H., Yuen, M., Lee, J., & Lee, S. (2013). Cross-cultural validation of the Counselor Burnout Inventory in Hong Kong. Journal of Employment Counseling, 50, 14–25.Google Scholar
Swider, B.W., & Zimmerman, R.D. (2010). Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 487–506. doi:10.1016jvb.2010.01.003.Google Scholar
Taylor, B., & Barling, J. (2004). Identifying sources and effects of carer fatigue and burnout for mental health nurses: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 13, 117–125. doi:10.1111/j.1445-8330.2004.imntaylorb.doc.xGoogle Scholar
Thompson, T.L. (1999). Managed care: Views, practices, and burnout of psychologists. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 1318B.Google Scholar
Velicer, W.F., & Jackson, D.N. (1990). Component analysis versus common factor-analysis — Some further observations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 97–114.Google Scholar
Vredenburgh, L.D., Carlozzi, A.F., & Stein, L.B. (1999). Burnout in counseling psychologists: Type of practice setting and pertinent demographics. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 12, 293–302.Google Scholar
Watkins, C. (1983). Burnout in counseling practice: Some potential professional and personal hazards of becoming a counselor. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61, 304–308. doi:10.1111/j.2164-4918.1983.tb00031.xGoogle Scholar
Woods, A.P. (2005). The relationship of burnout to contextual work factors for rural community mental health counselors. Dissertation Abstracts International, 66, 1651A.Google Scholar
Yagi, D., Lee, J., Puig, A., & Lee, S. (2011). Cross-cultural validation of factor structure in the Japanese Counselor Burnout Inventory. Japanese Psychological Research, 53, 281–291.Google Scholar