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Informant Reporting in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Sources of Discrepancy on the Functional Activities Questionnaire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2020

Katherine Hackett Open the ORCID record for Katherine Hackett [Opens in a new window] ,
Rachel Mis ,
Deborah A.G. Drabick  and
Tania Giovannetti Open the ORCID record for Tania Giovannetti [Opens in a new window]
Katherine Hackett
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA
Rachel Mis
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA
Deborah A.G. Drabick
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA
Tania Giovannetti*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Tania Giovannetti, Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, 6th Floor Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA19122, USA. Phone: +1 215 204 4296. Fax: +1 215 204 5539. E-mail: tgio@temple.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

Relative to dementia, little is known about informant bias in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We investigated the influence of informant demographic and relational characteristics on reports of everyday functioning using the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ).

Method:

Four thousand two hundred eighty-four MCI participants and their informants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set were included. Informants were stratified according to cohabitation, relationship, visit frequency, race/ethnicity, education, and sex. Informant-rated Mean FAQ score was compared across these groups using univariate general linear model analyses and post hoc tests. Interactions were tested between informant variables. The predictive contribution of informant variables to FAQ score was explored using hierarchical linear regression. Analyses covaried for participant cognition using a cognitive composite score, and for participant age, sex, and depression.

Results:

After controlling for participant cognition, depression, age, and sex, informant-rated FAQ scores varied significantly across all informant variables (p’s < .005, ηp2’s ≤ .033) except sex and visit frequency. FAQ scores were higher (more impaired) among informants who cohabitate with the participant, among paid caregivers, spouses, and adult children, and among informants with higher levels of education. Scores were lowest (less impaired) among Black/African American informants as compared to all other racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

Demographic and relational characteristics of informants influence the perception and reporting of instrumental activities of daily living in adults with MCI. As everyday functioning is crucial for differential diagnosis and treatment outcome measurement, it is important to be aware of sources of informant report discrepancies.

Keywords

Observer biasMild cognitive impairmentInformantActivities of daily livingCognitive agingAlzheimer’s diseaseObserver variation
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 26 , Issue 5 , May 2020 , pp. 503 - 514
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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