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Amphetamine Modestly Improves Conners’ Continuous Performance Test Performance in Healthy Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2017

David A. MacQueen ,
Arpi Minassian ,
Brook L. Henry ,
Mark A. Geyer ,
Jared W. Young  and
William Perry
David A. MacQueen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, California Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Arpi Minassian
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, California Center for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Brook L. Henry
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, California
Mark A. Geyer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, California Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Jared W. Young
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, California Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
William Perry*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, California
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: William Perry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, MC 8218, San Diego, CA 92103-8218. E-mail: wperry@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Objectives: Amphetamine improves vigilance as assessed by continuous performance tests (CPT) in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Less is known, however, regarding amphetamine effects on vigilance in healthy adults. Thus, it remains unclear whether amphetamine produces general enhancement of vigilance or if these effects are constrained to the remediation of deficits in patients with ADHD. Methods: We tested 69 healthy adults (35 female) on a standardized CPT (Conner’s CPT-2) after receiving 10- or 20-mg d-amphetamine or placebo. To evaluate potential effects on learning, impulsivity, and perseveration, participants were additionally tested on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Results: Participants receiving placebo exhibited the classic vigilance decrement, demonstrated by a significant reduction in attention (D’) across the task. This vigilance decrement was not observed, however, after either dose of amphetamine. Consistent with enhanced vigilance, the 20-mg dose also reduced reaction time variability across the task and the ADHD confidence index. The effects of amphetamine appeared to be selective to vigilance since no effects were observed on the IGT, WCST, or response inhibition/perseveration measures from the CPT. Conclusions: The present data support the premise that amphetamine improves vigilance irrespective of disease state. Given that amphetamine is a norepinephrine/dopamine transporter inhibitor and releaser, these effects are informative regarding the neurobiological substrates of attentional control. (JINS, 2018, 24, 283–293)

Keywords

AttentionVigilanceStimulantADHDDopamineNorepinephrine
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , March 2018 , pp. 283 - 293
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally to the manuscript

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