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Functional Language Networks in Sedentary and Physically Active Older Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

Zvinka Z. Zlatar ,
Stephen Towler ,
Keith M. McGregor ,
Joseph M. Dzierzewski ,
Andrew Bauer ,
Stephanie Phan ,
Matthew Cohen ,
Michael Marsiske ,
Todd M. Manini  and
Bruce Crosson
Zvinka Z. Zlatar*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
Stephen Towler
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
Keith M. McGregor
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia RR&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
Joseph M. Dzierzewski
Affiliation:
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Andrew Bauer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Stephanie Phan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Matthew Cohen
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Michael Marsiske
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Todd M. Manini
Affiliation:
Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Bruce Crosson
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia RR&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Zvinka Zlatar, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0664, La Jolla, CA 92093-0664. E-mail: zzlatar@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified consistent age-related changes during various cognitive tasks, such that older individuals display more positive and less negative task-related activity than young adults. Recently, evidence shows that chronic physical exercise may alter aging-related changes in brain activity; however, the effect of exercise has not been studied for the neural substrates of language function. Additionally, the potential mechanisms by which aging alters neural recruitment remain understudied. To address these points, the present study enrolled elderly adults who were either sedentary or physically active to characterize the neural correlates of language function during semantic fluency between these groups in comparison to a young adult sample. Participants underwent fMRI during semantic fluency and transcranial magnetic stimulation to collect the ipsilateral silent period, a measure of interhemispheric inhibition. Results indicated that sedentary older adults displayed reductions in negative task-related activity compared to the active old group in areas of the attention network. Longer interhemispheric inhibition was associated with more negative task-related activity in the right and left posterior perisylvian cortex, suggesting that sedentary aging may result in losses in task facilitatory cortical inhibition. However, these losses may be mitigated by regular engagement in physical exercise. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

Keywords

Cognitive agingPhysical activityFunctional magnetic resonance imagingSemantic fluencyAttention networkTranscranial magnetic stimulation
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , July 2013 , pp. 625 - 634
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2013 

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