Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T04:10:50.805Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The phonetics of register in Takhian Thong Chong

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Christian T. DiCanio
Christian T. DiCanio*
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeleydicanio@berkeley.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Chong language uses a combination of different acoustic correlates to distinguish among its four contrastive registers (phonation types). Electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic data were examined from original fieldwork on the Takhian Thong dialect. EGG data shows high open quotient (OQ) values for the breathy register, low OQ values for the tense register, intermediate OQ values for the modal register, and rapidly changing high to low OQ values for the breathy-tense register. Acoustic correlates indicate that H1-A3 best distinguishes between breathy and non-breathy phonation, but measures like H1-H2 and pitch are necessary to discriminate between tense and non-tense phonation. A comparison of spectral tilt and OQ measures shows the greatest correlation between OQ and H1-H2, suggesting that changes in the relative amplitude of frequencies in the upper spectrum are not directly related to changes in the open period of the glottal cycle. OQ is best correlated with changes in the degree of glottal tension.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Phonetic Association , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , August 2009 , pp. 162 - 188
Copyright
Copyright © International Phonetic Association 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, Arthur S., Nye, Patrick W. & Luangthongkum, Therapan. 2007. Voice register in Khmu’: Experiments in production and perception. Phonetica 64, 80–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Avelino, Heriberto. 2003. Categorical perception of phonemic tone in Yalálag Zapotec. 15th International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, 775–778.Google Scholar
Bao, Zhiming. 1999. The structure of tone. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blankenship, Barbara. 2002. The timing of nonmodal phonation in vowels. Journal of Phonetics 30, 163–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blomgren, Michael, Chen, Yang, Ng, Manwa L. & Gilbert, Harvey R.. 1998. Acoustic, aerodynamic, physiologic, and perceptual properties of modal and vocal fry registers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103 (5), 2649–2658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boersma, Paul & Weenink, David. 2008. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. www.praat.org (20 January 2008).Google Scholar
Carlson, Barry F. & Esling, John H.. 2004. Phonetics and physiology of the historical shift of uvulars to pharyngeals in Nuuchahnulth (Nootka). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2), 183–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Matthew. 1970. Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica 22, 129–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childers, Donald G. & Krishnamurthy, Ashok K.. 1985. A critical review of electroglottography. CRC Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 12 (2), 131–161.Google ScholarPubMed
Childers, Donald. G. & Lee, C. K.. 1991. Vocal quality factors: Analysis, synthesis, and perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90 (5), 2394–2410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choosri, Isara. 2002. Dialects of Chong. Mon-Khmer Studies 32, 55–70.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Jerold A. 1997. Voice qualities and inverse filtering in Chong. Mon-Khmer Studies 26, 107–116.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Jerold A. & Esling, John H.. 2006. The valves of the throat and their functioning in tone, vocal register, and stress: Laryngoscopic case studies. Phonology 23 (2), 157–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmondson, Jerold A., Esling, John H., Harris, Jimmy G. & Wei, James. 2004. A phonetics study of Sui consonants and vowels. Mon-Khmer Studies 34, 47–66.Google Scholar
Edmondson, Jerold A., Ziwo, Lama, Esling, John H., Harris, Jimmy G. & Shaoni, Li. 2001. The aryepiglottic folds and voice quality in the Yi and Bai languages: Laryngoscopic case studies. Mon-Khmer Studies 31, 83–100.Google Scholar
Esling, John H. 1999. The IPA categories ‘pharyngeal’ and ‘epiglottal’: Laryngoscopic observations of pharyngeal articulations and larynx height. Language and Speech 42 (4), 349–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esling, John H. 2005. There are no back vowels: The laryngeal articulator model. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 50, 13–44.Google Scholar
Esling, John H., Clayards, Jocelyn, Edmondson, Jerold A., Fuyuan, Qui & Harris, Jimmy G.. 1998. Quantification of pharyngeal articulations using measurements from laryngoscopic images. 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 3091–3094. Sydney: ASSTA.Google Scholar
Esposito, Christina. 2004. Santa Ana del Valle Zapotec Phonation. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 103, 71–105.Google Scholar
Esposito, Christina. 2006. The effects of linguistic experience on the perception of phonation. Ph.D. thesis, UCLA.Google Scholar
Ferlus, Michel. 1979. Formation des registres et mutations consonantiques dans les langues Mon-Khmer. Mon-Khmer Studies 8, 1–76.Google Scholar
Fischer-Jørgensen, Eli. 1967. Phonetic analysis of breathy (murmured) vowels in Gujarati. Indian Linguistics 28, 71–139.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, John [A.]. 1976. Autosegmental phonology. Ph.D. thesis, MIT.Google Scholar
Golston, Chris & Kehrein, Wolfgang. 2004. A prosodic theory of laryngeal contrasts. Phonology 21, 1–33.Google Scholar
Gordon, Matthew. 2001. A typology of contour tone restrictions. Studies in Language 25 (3), 423–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Matthew & Ladefoged, Peter. 2001. Phonation types: A cross-linguistic overview. Journal of Phonetics 29, 383–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Tracy Allen. 2001. Phonological representations and phonetic implementation of distinctive features. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halle, Morris & Stevens, Kenneth N.. 1971. A note on laryngeal features (Technical Report of the MIT Research Laboratory in Electronics).Google Scholar
Haudricourt, André-Georges. 1954. De l'origine des tons en vietnamien. Journal Asiatique 242, 69–82.Google Scholar
Heinrich, Natalie, D'Alessandro, Christophe, Doval, Boris & Castellengo, Michèle. 2004. On the use of the derivative of electroglottographic signals for characterization of non-pathological phonation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115 (3), 1321–1332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, Eugénie J. A. 1952. The main features of Cambodian pronunciation. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 14 (1), 149–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, Eugénie J. A. 1985. Feature shuffling in southeast Asian languages. In Ratanakul, Surya, Thomas, David & Premsrirat, Suwilai (eds.), Southeast Asian Linguistic Studies presented to André-G. Haudricourt, 1–22. Thailand: Mahidol University.Google Scholar
Hirose, Hajime, Yoshioka, Hirohide & Niimi, Seiji. 1978. A cross-language study of laryngeal adjustment in consonant production. Annual Bulletin of the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 12, 61–71. Tokyo: University of Tokyo.Google Scholar
Holmberg, Eva B., Hillman, Roger E., Perkell, Joseph, Guiod, Peter & Goldman, Susan L.. 1995. Comparisons among aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic spectral measures of female voice. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, 1212–1223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hombert, Jean Marie. 1979. Consonant types, vowel height and tone. In Fromkin, Victoria A. (ed.), Tone: A linguistic survey, 77–111. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jacob, Judith M. 1968. Introduction to Cambodian. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman, Gunnar, C.Fant, M. & Halle, Morris. 1976. Preliminaries to speech analysis: The distinctive features and their correlates, 11th edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Keating, Patricia A. 1985. Universal phonetics and the organization of grammars. In Fromkin, Victoria A. (ed.), Phonetic linguistics: Essays in honor of Peter Ladefoged, 115–132. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kehrein, Wolfgang. 2002. Phonological representation and phonetic phasing: Affricates and laryngeals. Tübingen: Niemeyer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khouw, Edward & Ciocca, Valter. 2007. Perceptual correlates of Cantonese tones. Journal of Phonetics 35, 104–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingston, John. 2005. The phonetics of Athabaskan tonogenesis. In Hargus, Sharon & Rice, Keren (eds.), Athabaskan prosody, 137–184. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirk, Paul L., Ladefoged, Jenny & Ladefoged, Peter. 1993. Quantifying acoustic properties of modal, breathy, and creaky vowels in Jalapa Mazatec. In Mattina, Anthony & Montler, Timothy (eds.), American Indian linguistics and ethnography in honor of Lawrence C. Thompson, 435–450. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Kirk, Paul L., Ladefoged, Peter & Ladefoged, Jenny. 1984. Using a spectrograph for measures of phonation types in a natural language. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 59, 102–113.Google Scholar
Klatt, Dennis. 1980. Software for a cascade parallel formant synthesizer. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 67, 971–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreiman, Jody, Gerratt, Bruce & Barroso, Norma Antoñanzas. 2007. Measures of the glottal source spectrum. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 50, 595–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ladefoged, Peter & Barroso, Norma Antoñanzas. 1985. Computer measures of breathy phonation. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 61, 79–86.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter & Maddieson, Ian. 1985. Tense and lax in four minority languages of China. Journal of Phonetics 13, 433–454.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter & Maddieson, Ian. 1996. Sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter, Maddieson, Ian & Jackson, Michael. 1988. Investigating phonation types in different languages. In Fujimura, Osamu (ed.), Vocal physiology: Voice production, mechanisms and functions, 297–317. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Laver, John. 1980. The phonetic description of voice quality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Laver, John. 1991. The description of voice quality in general phonetic theory. In Laver, John (ed.), The gift of speech: Papers in the analysis of speech and voice, 184–208. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Lehiste, Ilse. 1970. Suprasegmentals. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Siyun & Samuel, Arthur G.. 2004. Perception of Mandarin lexical tones when f0 information is neutralized. Language and Speech 47 (2), 109–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Löfqvist, Anders, Baer, Thomas, McGarr, Nancy S. & Seider-Story, Robin. 1989. The cricothyroid muscle in voicing control. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, 1341–1321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michaud, Alexis. 2004. Final consonants and glottalization: New perspectives from Hanoi Vietnamese. Phonetica 61, 119–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe & Gobl, Christer. 1997. Voice source variation. In Hardcastle, William J. & Laver, John (eds.), The handbook of phonetic sciences, 427–461. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Pennington, Mark. 2005. The phonetics and phonology of glottal manner features. Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team. 2007. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org (24 April 2009).Google Scholar
Rothenberg, Martin. 1979. Some relations between glottal air flow and vocal fold contact area. Conference on Assessment of Vocal Pathology (ASHA Report, vol. 11), 88–96. Rockville, MD: American Speech and Hearing Association.Google Scholar
Silverman, Daniel. 1997a. Laryngeal complexity in Otomanguean vowels. Phonology 14, 235–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, Daniel. 1997b. Phasing and recoverability (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stevens, Kenneth N. 2000. Acoustic phonetics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, Kenneth N. & Blumstein, Sheila. 1981. The search for invariant acoustic correlates of phonetic features. In Eimas, Peter D. & Miller, Joanne L. (eds.), Perspectives on the study of speech, 1–38. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Stevens, Kenneth N. & Hanson, Helen M.. 1995. Classification of glottal vibration from acoustic measurements. In Fujimura, Osamu & Hirano, Minoru (eds.), Vocal fold physiology: Voice quality control, 147–170. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Stevens, Kenneth N. & Keyser, Samuel J.. 1989. Primary features and their enhancement in consonants. Language 65, 81–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundberg, Johan, Andersson, Maria & Hultqvist, Clara. 1999. Effects of subglottal pressure variation on professional baritone singers’ voice sources. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, 1965–1971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thongkum, Theraphan. 1988. Phonation types in Mon-Khmer languages. In Fujimura, Osamu (ed.), Vocal physiology: Voice production, mechanisms and functions, 319–333. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Thongkum, Theraphan. 1991. An instrumental study of Chong registers. In Davidson, Jeremy (ed.), Essays in Mon-Khmer linguistics in honor of H. L. Shorto, 141–160. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.Google Scholar
Titze, Ingo R. 1994. Principles of voice production. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Titze, Ingo R. & Talkin, Donald T.. 1981. Simulation and interpretation of glottographic waveforms. Conference on Assessment of Vocal Pathology (ASHA Report, vol. 11), 48–55. Rockville, MD: American Speech and Hearing Association.Google Scholar
Traill, Anthony. 1985. Phonetic and phonological studies of the !Xóõ Bushman. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.Google Scholar
Traill, Anthony & Jackson, Michael. 1987. Speaker variation and phonation types in Tsonga nasals. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 67, 1–29.Google Scholar
Tumtavitikul, Apiluck. 2004. A stroboscopic study of the register distinction in Chong. 15th International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences, Barcelona, 207–213.Google Scholar
Ungsitipoonporn, Siripen. 2001. A phonological comparison between Khlong Phlu Chong and Wang Kraphrae Chong. Master's thesis, Institute of Language and Culture for Rural Development, Mahidol University.Google Scholar
Watkins, Justin. 2002. The phonetics of Wa: Experimental phonetics, phonology, orthography, and sociolinguistics (Pacific Linguistics, vol. 531). Canberra: Australian National University.Google Scholar
Wayland, Ratree & Jongman, Allard. 2003. Acoustic correlates of breathy and clear vowels: The case of Khmer. Journal of Phonetics 31, 181–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar