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Phylogeny of the Hexactinellida: phylogenetic reconstruction of the subclass Hexasterophora based on morphological characters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2013

D. Henkel ,
K. Borkenhagen  and
D. Janussen
D. Henkel
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 3, 24118 Kiel, Germany
K. Borkenhagen
Affiliation:
Forschungs- und Technologiezentrum Westküste, Universität Kiel, Hafentörn 1, 25761 Büsum, Germany Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
D. Janussen*
Affiliation:
Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: D. Janussen, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany email: djanussen@senckenberg.de
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Abstract

Amongst the Hexactinellida, Hexasterophora is the most important taxon in terms of number of species as well as concerning the variability in morphological characters. In this study the first comprehensive analysis of phylogenetic relations between hexactinellid families and genera of the subclass Hexasterophora based on morphological features is presented. Therefore, 157 morphological characters of the Hexasterophora were compiled into a matrix by presence/absence data. The resulting phylogenetic trees are compared with conclusions based on molecular data and classical systematics. So far, we find the main hexasterophoran taxa (Hexactinosida, Rossellidae and Euplectellidae) well established as monophyletic and in rather good correspondence with classical systematics and molecular results. Our phylogenetic trees largely support the systematic classification proposed by Schulze (1886) and Mehl (2002). However, some families (e.g. Euretidae) are not corroborated. For others (Euplectellidae), our cladistics approach is at odds with the system proposed by Tabachnick (2002a). Morphological phylogeny becomes problematic for those taxa, in which many of the diagnostic characters are either symplesiomorphic, or multiple homoplastic. Our results indicated the need for revision of the classification features used.

Keywords

HexactinellidaPoriferaHexasterophoraphylogenetic systematicscladisticstaxonomymorphology
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 7: Deep-Sea Sponges , November 2015 , pp. 1365 - 1369
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2013 

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