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Characterizing population structure of coral-associated fauna from mesophotic and shallow habitats in the Caribbean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2018

Alex J. Veglia ,
Nicholas M. Hammerman ,
Carlos R. Rivera Rosaly ,
Matthew Q. Lucas ,
Alexandra Galindo Estronza ,
Paulo H. Corgosinho  and
Nikolaos V. Schizas
Alex J. Veglia
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
Nicholas M. Hammerman
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Gehrmann Laboratories, Level 8, Research Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
Carlos R. Rivera Rosaly
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
Matthew Q. Lucas
Affiliation:
Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Arecibo, PO Box 4050, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00614, USA
Alexandra Galindo Estronza
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
Paulo H. Corgosinho
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual de montes Claros, Campus Universitário Professor Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Dr Ruy Braga, S/N – CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
Nikolaos V. Schizas*
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Alex J. Veglia, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, PO Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA email: alex.veglia@upr.edu
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Abstract

Symbiotic relationships are a common phenomenon among marine invertebrates, forming both obligatory and facultative dependencies with their host. Here, we investigate and compare the population structure of two crustacean species associated with both shallow and mesophotic ecosystems: an obligate symbiont barnacle (Ceratoconcha domingensis), of the coral Agaricia lamarcki and a meiobenthic, free-living harpacticoid copepod (Laophontella armata). Molecular analyses of the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene revealed no population structure between mesophotic and shallow barnacle populations within south-west Puerto Rico (ΦST = 0.0079, P = 0.33). The absence of population structure was expected due to the pelagic naupliar larvae of the barnacles and the connectivity patterns exhibited by the coral itself within the same region. Laophontella armata exhibited significant structure based on the mitochondrial COI gene between the mesophotic reef ecosystem of El Seco, Puerto Rico and mangrove sediments of Curaçao (ΦST = 0.2804, P = 0.0). The El Seco and Curaçao copepods shared three COI haplotypes despite the obligatory benthic development of harpacticoid copepods and the geographic distance between the two locations. Three other COI haplotypes from El Seco exhibited higher than expected (up to 7%) intra-species variability, potentially representing three new cryptic species of harpacticoid copepods or rare, deeply divergent lineages of L. armata. This result is evidence for the urgent need of a deeper investigation into the meiofauna diversity associated with mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs), arguably the most diverse metazoan component of MCEs.

Keywords

Mesophotic coral ecosystemsbiodiversityCaribbeanharpacticoid copepodsCOIpopulation connectivity
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 99 , Issue 3 , May 2019 , pp. 619 - 629
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2018 

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally.

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