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Implementation of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to analyses of environmental parameters and phytoplankton biomass in a macrotidal estuary and artificial lake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2012

Roksana Jahan ,
Hyu Chang Choi ,
Young Seuk Park ,
Young Cheol Park ,
Ji Ho Seo  and
Joong Ki Choi
Roksana Jahan
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, INHA University, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
Hyu Chang Choi
Affiliation:
Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-791, Korea
Young Seuk Park
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
Young Cheol Park
Affiliation:
Ecocean Co., Ltd, E Dong, 101 BL-3L, 661-16, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-819, Korea
Ji Ho Seo
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, INHA University, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
Joong Ki Choi*
Affiliation:
Department of Oceanography, INHA University, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Joong Ki Choi, 5N 230, Plankton Laboratory, Department of Oceanography, INHA University, 253, Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea email: jkchoi@inha.ac.kr
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Abstract

Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) have been used for patterning and visualizing ten environmental parameters and phytoplankton biomass in a mactrotidal (>10 m) Gyeonggi Bay and artificial Shihwa Lake during 1986–2004. SOM segregated study areas into four groups and ten subgroups. Two strikingly alternative states are frequently observed: the first is a diverse non-eutrophic state designated by three groups (SOM 1–3), and the second is a eutrophic state (SOM 4: Shihwa Lake and Upper Gyeonggi Bay; summer season) characterized by enhanced nutrients (3 mg l−1 dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.1 mg l−1 PO4) that act as a signal and response to that signal as algal blooms (24 µg chlorophyll-a l−1). Bloom potential in response to nitrification is affiliated with high temperature (r = 0.26), low salinity (r = −0.40) and suspended solids (r = –0.27). Moreover, strong stratification in the Shihwa Lake has accelerated harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. The non-eutrophic states (SOM 1–3) are characterized by macro-tidal estuaries exhibiting a tolerance to pollution with nitrogen-containing nutrients and retarding any tendency toward stratification. SOM 1 (winter) is more distinct from SOM 4 due to higher suspended solids (>50 mg l−1) caused by resuspension that induces light limitation and low chlorophyll-a (<5 µg l−1). In addition, eutrophication-induced shifts in phytoplankton communities are noticed during all the seasons in Gyeonggi Bay. Overall, SOM showed high performance for visualization and abstraction of ecological data and could serve as an efficient ecological map that can specify blooming regions and provide a comprehensive view on the eutrophication process in a macrotidal estuary.

Keywords

Self-Organizing MapsGyeonggi BayShihwa Lakesummer bloomseutrophication
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 93 , Issue 1 , February 2013 , pp. 1 - 12
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2012

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