Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
The Apachean languages compose the southernmost sub-stock of the great Athapaskan family of American Indian languages. In the Apachean sub-stock are found six mutually unintelligible idioms: Navaho, San Carlos, Chiricahua-Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Kiowa-Apache. The following remarks on pitch accent apply with equal force to each of these languages, such minor differences as occur in their accentual systems not being taken into consideration.
1 L. Bloomfield, Language 116–7 (New York, 1933).
2 E. Sapir, Pitch Accent in Sarcee, An Athabaskan Language, Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris 17.185–205 (1925).
3 All of the examples quoted here and in the following are, unless otherwise stated, from Navaho. The same phenomena could, however, be equally well illustrated from any of the other languages.
4 These are always written without a tone indicator.