[Hittite verb-forms with suffix s fall into three classes: (1) verbs of the mi-conjugation, thematic or non-thematic; (2) preterites of the hi-conjugation with third sing. in sta [st]; and (3) preterites of the hi-conjugation with third sing. in s and normally with lengthened grade of the root or with a suffix containing an original long vowel. Verbs of the first type correspond in part to the Sanskrit s-aorist, sa-aorist, and iṣ-aorist. Preterites of the third type correspond in part to Indo-European aorists with lengthened grade of the root. The second type is in general due to contamination of the other two; it includes some forms that are similar to the Sanskrit siṣ-aorist.]

[From Italo-Celtic *, a perfect injunctive, come both the Italic imperfect (Osc. fufans Lat. amābam, etc.) and the Irish b-future, which differ only in their semantic development. The Lat.-Fal. b-future is patterned on the imperfect, amābō:amābam = erō:eram.]

[The word kaupatjan is derived from the Greek , probably by way of Vulgar Latin colaphizare.]

Abarca 'a kind of footwear of rawhide, covering the sole, the toes and most of the foot, and fastened with cords or straps over the instep and ankle'.

According to a traditional etymology accepted by Diez and advocated by Baist, this word is derived from Basque abarka 'shoe'. But Schuchardt has declared the Basque word a borrowing from the Spanish, rejecting Astarloa's analysis of the Basque word into abar 'branch' and kia 'thing', and deriving the Spanish word from Latin barca 'boat'. The meaning 'wooden' assigned by Diez to Basque abar is not confirmed by the Basque-Spanish-French dictionary of R. M. de Azkue (Bilbao, 1905), and appears to rest merely on a doubtful semantic assumption. Furthermore, of course, the Spanish word does not designate a wooden but a leather shoe. Meyer-Lübke, wavering between the two rival etymologies in the second edition follows Baist in the third, objecting to Latin barca for the reason that it will not account for the initial syllable of Sp. abarca. This phonetic objection is valid; for while various Spanish words show an incorporated Arabic article, sometimes reduced to a-, as in azote < Ar. (al)saut, one looks in vain for Latin words similarly treated.

[Through etymological analysis of some Balto-Slavic terms of acoustic perceptions, it was possible to offer a comparison of their semantic sources, and thus throw light on the origination of ideas, descriptive of our sense of hearing, both as to its function and content.]