[In Indo-Hittite long vowels and diphthongs with long prior element were shortened before h. In Pre-Indo-European h was lost in all positions, and an immediately preceding vowel was lengthened if h had been followed by another consonant. These phonetic laws furnish an explanation of certain vowel alternations in Greek and Sanskrit which have hitherto been ascribed with some difficulty to ablaut.]

[The oldest is ∗yēk- (ἔŋκα, iēcē), after which ∗dhēk- (ἔΰŋκα, αδδακ∈τ, fēcī) was patterned in pro-ethnic times, ἔδωκα was added to the group only in Greek. The peculiar grouping of forms with and without -κ- in the Greek paradigms starts from the fact that forms from three bases, ∗sē-, ∗yēk-, ∗wī- (ΐŋμι, ἔŋκα, fi∈μαι, for instance), merged in one paradigm as a result of changes that are in part analogic, in part phonetic]

[Examination of a portion of Polish literature to ascertain the distribution of the two (nearly) synonymous forms. The results are summarized in the last section.]

The third edition of this important work shows very great changes from the first, which appeared in 1913 (the second is not available for the reviewer's comparison). Like the first edition, it is divided into three parts, each of several chapters : La préhistoire du grec; Les langues littéraires; Constitution d'une langue commune. The second part has two new chapters: La naissance de l'article, 179–85; Le style, 235–7; and has the old chapters in a somewhat changed order, while those on La prose ionienne and La prose attique have been united into one. Almost every chapter shows important additions, the third edition containing about 50% more material than the first, if we allow for the change in the size of the printed pages. The bibliography (xi-xvi) is brought up to date. Hittite is cited frequently in the first part, and is accepted as outright IE (53), though the IE unity is put in the third millennium B.C. (10).