My younger editorial colleagues, to whom the entire credit for this book is due, have asked me to add some personal account of Professor Curme, with whom I have had the closest association for thirty-six full years. Perhaps no man in the world is less concerned about publicity than my friend: he discovered his grande passion, Linguistic Research, very early in life, and his unwavering devotion has left no room for smaller ambitions.

[The gender of English loan-words in colloquial American German is determined by the gender of the German word, by its meaning (verbal derivative, gerund), by analogy: grammatical and rhyme-analogy, by the feminine tendency, and by differentiation of gender to express difference in meaning. The number of neuters is extremely small; the masculines are limited to a few categories; all the others are feminine.]

[Der Aufsatz Zur Wortstellung legt die wichtigsten Gesetze dar, die die deutsche Wortstellung beherrschen: Gesetze geistiger Art: 1) das geistig Zusammengehörige wird zusammengestellt; 2) das weniger Wichtige wird vor das Wichtigere gestellt. Gesetze von physischer Beschaffenheit: 1) längere Glieder werden hinter kürzere gestellt; 2) es wird Wechsel von Hebung und Senkung angestrebt.]

[Case relationship is to be distinguished from case form. Every language has approximately the same case relationships, though they differ widely in their use of case forms. In order to study case from the semantic point of view, it is necessary to set up a list of all possible case relationships. Such a semantic analysis of case may be made with the help of a knowledge of the principles of general grammar gained through the study of many languages applied in conformity with the laws of thought. Cases may be divided into independent, adnominal, adpronominal, ad-adjectival, adverbal, adadverbal, appositive, and predicative, with many subdivisions under each head. Such a semantic analysis not only makes possible a complete treatment of the relations of nouns and pronouns, but also furnishes the best basis for a comparison of languages of widely differing type.]

[OHG eino (OE ana) ‘solus’ follows as predicate complement or apposition upon personal nouns and pronouns; only enclitics, including finite verbs, may intervene. With got and synonyms, however, it occurs attributively and as translation of ‘unus’: here the missionary had stretched the native idiom.]

[A re-examination of the evidence in case of the two Gothic nouns gakunds (Gal. 5.8) and gakunþs (in the phrase uf gakunpai, Luc. 3.23) yields the result that the former serves to translate π∈ισμοvή in the sense of ‘submission’ or ‘submissiveness’, whereas uf gakunþai is a free rendering ('when he became known') of the Greek participle άρχóμ∈vos (i.e., 'when he began'). Here as elsewhere, Ulfilas proves to be a competent translator from Greek, more so than, e.g., Erasmus or Luther.]

[Four important aspects concerning the physiology and psychology of reading are discussed: (1) the growth of word meanings; (2) the sound versus the graphic word-form as the carrier of meanings; (3) rapid silent reading and the physiological limitations of the eye and the voice; (4) mental supplementing of words, phrases, clauses, and ideas in rapid reading. An analysis of these points allows of a number of practical conclusions which are of basic significance for the pedagogy of reading foreign languages.]

[A specimen of cultivated speech of Columbus, Ohio, in phonetic notation. The intonation is marked throughout and analysed in a special section of the paper.]

[Linguistic development follows not one tendency, but two opposing ones : towards distinctness and towards economy. Either of these poles prevails, but both are present and alternately preponderant. At the basis of this polarity is the fundamental dualism speaker-hearer. The tension produced by this polarity constitutes the principle of life in language. Formal and functional grammar are looking at language from these two poles. A bridge between the violently antagonistic views of Wundt and Marty can be built on the two bases provided by this hypothesis.]

[An examination of four English manuscripts of the tenth century (Vercelli Book, Exeter Book, Junius Codex and Beowulf Codex) shows that a distinct tendency to level the vowels of final unstressed syllables already existed in the second half of the tenth century. The beginning of the Middle English period, then, must be put at A. D. 1000 or thereabouts.]

[This article treats briefly, in the chronology of their appearance, the substantive uses of the pronoun of the third person neuter: the English and American game usage, two American colloquial or dialectal usages, and the newest usage, emerging from Hollywood, with its adjectival and nominal derivatives.]

[A commentary on some expedients to mark emphasis of qualities and activities, with some detailed discussion of certain constructions used for this purpose: (a) some functions of the superlative and the comparative, (b) a combination of two nouns connected by of, (c) an adjunct consisting of of + plural noun, (d) the idiom instanced by of the earth earthy.]

[Sinclair Lewis is generally looked upon as the representative American novelist of this generation. His popularity is partly due to his censorious attitude toward American conditions. If for no other reasons, German translators of his works ought to take more care in rendering his ideas than hitherto. Four of his novels in the translations of three different interpreters give a distorted picture of American life and manners.]

[The Hittite relative kuiš is like the early Italic relative in that (1) the relative clause tends to stand before the main clause, (2) the relative itself is usually postpositive, (3) a demonstrative frequently stands within the relative clause, and (4) the relative is often doubled (kuiš kuiš, quis quis), This detailed correspondence proves that the relative (i.e. connective) value of the stem was Indo-European and also Indo-Hittite. Confirmation of the conclusion is furnished by the connective force of *qe, which is certainly akin. Both in IE and in IH the relative os was probably used after definite antecedents, while *qis was a general relative.]

[The rules and regulations for the tournaments held on October seventh, 1612, as one of the great features of the marriage celebrations at the court of Margrave Joachim Ernst of Brandenburg, although of interest to the general reader, are reprinted on the following pages especially for the benefit of the philologist as an illustration of the terrible way in which, even before the Thirty Years' War, the Teutsche Haupt- und Heldensprache was mixed up with words from all kinds of other languages.]

[The problem of the rhythm of speech leads to the more basic question of the accent. Experimental phonetics enables us to attack this question by putting objective measurements of quantities in the place of subjective judgments of qualities. Certain basic factors constitute the flow of speech energy. A different distribution of this energy determines the place and the nature of the accented portions of speech.]

[Das Verschwinden des einfachen Präteritums wurde besonders im Deutschen bis in die modernste Zeit dadurch erklärt, dasz durch Synkope bzw. Apokope des unbetonten -e einige Formen (2. sgl., 3. Sgl., 2. pl.) des Indik. Prät. der schwachen Verba mit denen des Indik. Präs. zusammengefallen seien. Der Deutlichkeit zuliebe hätte man zum umschriebenen Perfekt greifen müssen.—An der Hand einer Untersuchung von verschiedenen indogermanischen Sprachen wird zu zeigen versucht, dasz die Erscheinung sprachpsychologisch erklärt werden musz : in der ursprünglichen Bedeutung und Funktion des reinen Perfekts (present perfect) liegt die Lösung des Problems.]