Eight corticolous species of Haematomma are recognized in Australia, including four new species (H. eremaeum, H. pruinosum, H. sorediatum and H. stevensiae spp. nov.) and one new combination (H. infuscum). The characters found useful in differentiation of the species included apothecium form, apothecial pigmentation, spore septation, and thallus chemistry. Taxonomic and distributional data are provided for all species. Two taxa are reduced to synonymy for the first time, and a key is provided.