Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-22T08:39:58.848Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Q-carbon harder than diamond

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2018

Jagdish Narayan ,
Siddharth Gupta Open the ORCID record for Siddharth Gupta [Opens in a new window] ,
Anagh Bhaumik ,
Ritesh Sachan ,
Filippo Cellini  and
Elisa Riedo
Jagdish Narayan*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA
Siddharth Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA
Anagh Bhaumik
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA
Ritesh Sachan
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA Materials Science Division, Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
Filippo Cellini
Affiliation:
Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA CUNY Graduate Center, Ph.D. Program in Physics, New York, NY 10031, USA
Elisa Riedo
Affiliation:
Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA CUNY Graduate Center, Ph.D. Program in Physics, New York, NY 10031, USA Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
*
Address all correspondence to Jagdish Narayan at narayan@ncsu.edu
Get access

Abstract

A new phase of carbon named Q-carbon is found to be over 40% harder than diamond. This phase is formed by nanosecond laser melting of amorphous carbon and rapid quenching from the super-undercooled state. Closely packed atoms in molten metallic carbon are quenched into Q-carbon with 80–85% sp3 and the rest sp2. The number density of atoms in Q-carbon can vary from 40% to 60% higher than diamond cubic lattice, as the tetrahedra packing efficiency increases from 70% to 80%. Using this semiempirical approach, the corresponding increase in Q-carbon hardness is estimated to vary from 48% to 70% compared to diamond.

Type
Research Letters
Information
MRS Communications , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 2018 , pp. 428 - 436
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Ruoff, R.S. and Ruoff, A.L.: Is C60 stiffer than diamond? Nature. 350, 663 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Blank, V., Popov, M., Buga, S., Davydov, V., Denisov, V.N., Ivlev, A.N., Marvin, B.N., Agafonov, V., Ceolin, R., Szwarc, H., and Rassat, A.: Is C60 fullerite harder than diamond? Phys. Lett. A 188, 281 (1994).Google Scholar
3.Liu, A.Y., Cohen, M.L., and Tolbert, S.H.: Prediction of new low compressibility solids. Science 245, 841 (1989).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Niu, C., Lu, Y.Z., and Lieber, C.M.: Experimental realization of the covalent solid carbon nitride. Science 261, 334 (1993).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Kaner, R.B., Gilman, J.J., and Tolbert, S.H.: Materials science. Designing superhard materials. Science 308, 1268 (2005).Google Scholar
6.Liu, A.Y. and Cohen, M.L.: Structural properties and electronic structure of low-compressibility materials: β-Si3N4 and hypothetical β-C3N4. Phys. Rev. B 41, 10727 (1990).Google Scholar
7.Narayan, J. and Bhaumik, A.: Novel phase of carbon, ferromagnetism, and conversion into diamond. J. Appl. Phys. 118, 215303 (2015).Google Scholar
8.Narayan, J. and Bhaumik, A.: Research update: direct conversion of h-BN into pure c-BN at ambient temperatures and pressures in air. APL Mater. 4, 20701 (2016).Google Scholar
9.Narayan, J. and Bhaumik, A.: Q-carbon discovery and formation of single-crystal diamond nano- and microneedles and thin films. Mater. Res. Lett. 4, 118 (2016).Google Scholar
10.Narayan, J., Bhaumik, A., and Xu, W.: Direct conversion of h-BN into c-BN and formation of epitaxial c-BN/diamond heterostructures. J. Appl. Phys. 119, 185302 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Jaoshvili, A., Esakia, A., Porrati, M., and Chaikin, P.M.: Experiments on the random packing of tetrahedral dice. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 185501 (2010).Google Scholar
12.Haji-Akbari, A., Engel, M., Keys, A.S., Zheng, X., Petschek, R.G., Muhoray, P.P., and Glotzer, S.C.: Disordered, quasicrystalline and crystalline phases of densely packed tetrahedra. Nature 462, 773 (2009).Google Scholar
13.Gao, Y., Kim, S., Zhou, S., Chiu, H.C., Nélias, D., Berger, C., Heer, W., Polloni, L., Sordan, R., Bongiorno, A., and Riedo, E.: Elastic coupling between layers in two-dimensional materials. Nat. Mater. 14, 714 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Gao, Y., Cao, T., Cellini, F., Berger, C., Heer, W.A., Tosatti, E., Riedo, E., and Bongiorno, A.: Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol., 13, 133 (2018).Google Scholar
15.Bhaumik, A., Sachan, R., and Narayan, J.: High-temperature superconductivity in boron-doped Q-carbon. ACS Nano 11, 5351 (2017).Google Scholar
16.Bhaumik, A., Sachan, R., and Narayan, J.: A novel high-temperature carbon-based superconductor: B-doped Q-carbon. J. Appl. Phys. 122, 45301 (2017).Google Scholar
17.Bhaumik, A., Sachan, R., Gupta, S., and Narayan, J.: Discovery of high-temperature superconductivity (T c = 55 K) in B-doped Q-carbon. ACS Nano 11, 11915 (2017).Google Scholar
18.Willis, J.R.: Hertzian contact of anisotropic bodies. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 14, 163 (1966).Google Scholar
19.Narayan, J., Bhaumik, A., and Sachan, R.: High temperature superconductivity in distinct phases of amorphous B-doped Q-carbon. J. Appl. Phys. (2018).Google Scholar
20.Bruley, J., Williams, D.B., Cuomo, J.J., and Pappas, D.P.: Quantitative near-edge structure analysis of diamond-like carbon in the electron microscope using a two-window method. J. Microsc. 180, 22 (1995).Google Scholar
21.Prawer, S. and Nemanich, R.J.: Raman spectroscopy of diamond and doped diamond. Philos. Trans. A. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 362, 2537–2565 (2004).Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Narayan et al. supplementary material

Narayan et al. supplementary material 1

Download Narayan et al. supplementary material(File)
File 3 MB