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The modulating role of traits on the biogeographic dynamics of chondrichthyans from the Neogene to the present

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2018

Jaime A. Villafaña  and
Marcelo M. Rivadeneira
Jaime A. Villafaña
Affiliation:
Programa de Magister en Ciencias del Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. E-mail: villafanaj88@univie.ac.at.
Marcelo M. Rivadeneira
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Paleobiología, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Av. Ossandon 877, Coquimbo, Chile, and Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. E-mail: marcelo.rivadeneira@ceaza.cl
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Abstract

The environmental transformations that occurred during the Neogene had profound effects on spatiotemporal biodiversity patterns, yet the modulating role of traits (i.e., physiological, ecological, and life-history traits) remains little understood. We tested this idea using the Neogene fossil record of chondrichthyans along the temperate Pacific coast of South America (TPSA). Information for georeferenced occurrences and ecological and life-history information of 38 chondrichthyan fossil genera in 42 Neogene sites was collected. Global georeferenced records were used to estimate present-day biogeographic distributions of the genera and to characterize the range of oceanographic conditions in which each genus lives as a proxy of their realized niche. Biogeographic range shifts (Neogene–present) were evaluated at regional and local scales. The role of traits as drivers of different range dynamics was evaluated using random forest models. The magnitude and direction of biogeographic range shifts were different at both spatial scales. At a regional scale, 34% of genera contracted their ranges, disappearing from the TPSA. At a local scale, a similar proportion of genera expanded and contracted their southern endpoints of distribution. The models showed a high precision at both spatial scales of analyses, but the relative importance of predictor variables differed. At a regional scale, disappearing genera tended to have a higher tolerance to salinity, lower sea surface temperature (SST) range, and smaller body sizes. At a local scale, genera contracting their ranges tended to live at greater depths, tolerate lower levels of primary productivity, and show a reduced tolerance to higher and lower SST ranges. The magnitude and direction of the changes in the range distribution were scale dependent and variable across the genera. Hence, multiple environmental exogenous factors interacted with taxon traits during the Neogene, creating a mosaic of biogeographic dynamics.

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Paleobiology , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , May 2018 , pp. 251 - 262
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Copyright © 2018 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved 

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