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Bivalve body-size distribution through the Late Triassic mass extinction event

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2022

L. Felipe Opazo Open the ORCID record for L. Felipe Opazo [Opens in a new window]  and
Richard J. Twitchett
L. Felipe Opazo*
Affiliation:
Florida Museum of Natural History, Invertebrate Paleontology, Dickinson Hall, Room 252, 1659 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611; U.S.A.; Department of Ecology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. E-mail: lfopazo@bio.puc.cl
Richard J. Twitchett
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. E-mail: r.twitchett@nhm.ac.uk
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

The synergic relationship between physiology, ecology, and evolutionary process makes the body-size distribution (BSD) an essential component of the community ecology. Body size is highly susceptible to environmental change, and extreme upheavals, such as during a mass extinction event, could exert drastic changes on a taxon's BSD. It has been hypothesized that the Late Triassic mass extinction event (LTE) was triggered by intense global warming, linked to massive volcanic activity associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. We test the effects of the LTE on the BSD of fossil bivalve assemblages from three study sites spanning the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the United Kingdom. Our results show that the effects of the LTE were rapid and synchronous across sites, and the BSDs of the bivalves record drastic changes associated with species turnover. No phylogenetic signal of size selectivity was recorded, although semi-infaunal species were apparently most susceptible to change. Each size class had the same likelihood of extinction during the LTE, which resulted in a platykurtic BSD with negative skew. The immediate postextinction assemblage exhibits a leptokurtic BSD, although with negative skew, wherein surviving species and newly appearing small-sized colonizers exhibit body sizes near the modal size. Recovery was relatively rapid (~100 kyr), and larger bivalves began to appear during the pre-Planorbis Zone, despite recurrent dysoxic/anoxic conditions. This study demonstrates how a mass extinction acts across the size spectrum in bivalves and shows how BSDs emerge from evolutionary and ecological processes.

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Paleobiology , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , August 2022 , pp. 420 - 445
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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Footnotes

*

Present address: Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.

References

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