Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T03:01:34.571Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Body size, extinction events, and the early Cenozoic record of veneroid bivalves: a new role for recoveries?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Rowan Lockwood
Rowan Lockwood*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, The College of William and Mary, Post Office Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187. E-mail: rxlock@wm.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Mass extinctions can play a role in shaping macroevolutionary trends through time, but the contribution of recoveries to this process has yet to be examined in detail. This study focuses on the effects of three extinction events, the end-Cretaceous (K/T), mid-Eocene (mid-E), and end-Eocene (E/O), on long-term patterns of body size in veneroid bivalves. Systematic data were collected for 719 species and 140 subgenera of veneroids from the Late Cretaceous through Oligocene of North America and Europe. Centroid size measures were calculated for 101 subgenera and global stratigraphic ranges were used to assess extinction selectivity and preferential recovery. Veneroids underwent a substantial extinction at the K/T boundary, although diversity recovered to pre-extinction levels by the early Eocene. The mid-E and E/O events were considerably smaller and their recovery intervals much shorter. None of these events were characterized by significant extinction selectivity according to body size at the subgenus level; however, all three recoveries were strongly size biased. The K/T recovery was biased toward smaller veneroids, whereas both the mid-E and E/O recoveries were biased toward larger ones. The decrease in veneroid size across the K/T recovery actually reinforced a Late Cretaceous trend toward smaller sizes, whereas the increase in size resulting from the Eocene recoveries was relatively short-lived. Early Cenozoic changes in predation, temperature, and/or productivity may explain these shifts.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , Fall 2005 , pp. 578 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Allmon, W. D. 2003. Boundaries, turnover, and the causes of evolutionary change: a perspective from the Cenozoic. Pp. 511–521 in Prothero, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Allmon, W. D., Jones, D. S., and Vaughn, N. 1992. Observations on the biology of Turritella gonostoma Valenciennes from the Gulf of California. Veliger 35:52–63.Google Scholar
Alroy, J. 1998. Cope's rule and the dynamics of body mass evolution in North American fossil mammals. Science 280:731–734.Google Scholar
Anderson, L. C. 2001. Temporal and geographic size trends in Neogene Corbulidae of tropical America: using environmental sensitivity to decipher causes of morphologic trends. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166:101–120.Google Scholar
Arnold, A. J., Parker, W. C., and Hansard, S. P. 1995. Aspects of the post-Cretaceous recovery of Cenozoic planktic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology 26:319–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aubry, M. P., Lucas, S. G., and Berggren, W. A. 1998. Late Paleocene-early Eocene climatic and biotic events in the marine and terrestrial records. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Bains, S., Corfield, R. M., and Norris, R. D. 1999. Mechanisms of climate warming at the end of the Paleocene. Science 285:724–727.Google Scholar
Bains, S., Norris, R. D., Corfield, R. M., and Faul, K. L. 2000. Termination of global warmth at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary through productivity feedback. Nature 407:171–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bambach, R. K. 1999. Energetics in the global marine fauna: a connection between terrestrial diversification and change in the marine biosphere. Geobios 32:131–144.Google Scholar
Blackburn, T. M., and Gaston, K. J. 1994. Animal body size distributions: patterns, mechanisms and implications. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:471–474.Google Scholar
Bookstein, F. L. 1991. Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Boulding, E. G. 1984. Crab-resistant features of shells of burrowing bivalves: decreasing vulnerability by increasing handling time. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 76:201–223.Google Scholar
Bralower, T. J. 2002. Evidence for surface water oligotrophy during the late Paleocene Thermal Maximum: nannofossil assemblage data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 690, Maud Rise, Weddell Sea. Paleoceanography 17:13.1–13.13.Google Scholar
Budd, A. F., and Johnson, K. G. 1991. Size-related evolutionary patterns among species and subgenera in the Strombina group. Journal of Paleontology 65:417–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canapa, A., Marota, I., Rollo, F., and Olmo, E. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of Veneridae: comparison of molecular and palaeontological data. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43:517–522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canapa, A., Marota, I., Rollo, F., and Olmo, E. 1999. The small-subunit rRNA gene sequences of venerids and the phylogeny of Bivalvia. Journal of Molecular Evolution 48:463–468.Google Scholar
Clemens, W. A. 1986. Evolution of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna during the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition. Pp. 63–85 in Elliot, D. K., ed. Dynamics of extinction. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Coan, E., Scott, P. H., and Bernard, F. R. 2000. Bivalve seashells of western North America. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Studies in Biodiversity 2:1–764.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R., et al. 1969. Mollusca 6, Bivalvia, Vols. 1, 2. Part N of Moore, R. C., ed. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Geological Society of America, New York, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
D'Hondt, S. D., Donaghay, P., Zachos, J. C., Luttenberg, D., and Lindinger, M. 1998. Organic carbon fluxes and ecological recovery from the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction. Science 282:276–279.Google Scholar
Dickens, G. R., Fewless, T., Thomas, E., and Bralower, T. J. 2003. Pp 11–23 in Wing, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Diester-Haass, L., and Zachos, J. 2003. The Eocene-Oligocene transitions in the equatorial Atlantic: paleoproductivity increase and positive δ13C excursion. Pp. 397–416 in Prothero, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Diester-Haass, L., and Zahn, R. 2001. Paleoproductivity increase at the Eocene-Oligocene climatic transition: ODP/DSDP sites 763 and 592. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 172:153–170.Google Scholar
Dockery, D. T. 1984. Crisis events for Paleogene molluscan faunas in the southeastern United States. Mississippi Geology 5:1–7.Google Scholar
Dockery, D. T. 1986. Punctuated succession of Paleogene mollusks in the northern Gulf Coastal Plain. Palaios 1:582–589.Google Scholar
Dockery, D. T. 1998. Molluscan faunas across the Paleocene/Eocene series boundary in the North American Gulf Coastal Plain. Pp. 296–322 in Aubry, M.-P., Lucas, S., and Berggren, W. A., eds. Late Paleocene-Early Eocene climatic and biotic events in the marine and terrestrial records. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Dockery, D. T., and Lozouet, P. 2003. Molluscan faunas across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary in the North American Gulf Coastal Plain, with comparisons to those of the Eocene and Oligocene of France. Pp. 303–340 in Prothero, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Erwin, D. H. 1998. The end and the beginning: recoveries from mass extinctions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:344–349.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1991. Morphological and taxonomic diversity in a clade's history: the blastoid record and stochastic simulations. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 28:101–140.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1993. Discordance and concordance between morphological and taxonomic diversity. Paleobiology 19:185–204.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1994. Morphological disparity in the Ordovician-Devonian crinoids and the early saturation of morphological space. Paleobiology 20:320–344.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 2000. Origination and extinction components of taxonomic diversity: general problems. In Erwin, D. H. and Wing, S. L., eds. Deep time: Paleobiology‘s perspective. Paleobiology 26(Suppl. to No. 4):74–102.Google Scholar
Gobbett, D. J. 1973. Permian Fusulinacea. Pp. 152–158 in Hallam, A., ed. Atlas of palaeobiogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Haasl, D. M., and Hansen, T. A. 1996. Timing of Latest Eocene molluscan extinction patterns in Mississippi. Palaios 11:487–494.Google Scholar
Håkansson, E., and Thomsen, E. 1999. Benthic extinction and recovery patterns at the K/T boundary in shallow water carbonates, Denmark. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154:67–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallam, A. 1975. Evolutionary size increase and longevity in Jurassic bivalves and ammonites. Nature 258:493–496.Google Scholar
Hansen, T. A. 1987. Extinction of late Eocene to Oligocene mollusks: relationship to shelf area, temperature changes, and impact events. Palaios 2:69–75.Google Scholar
Hansen, T. A. 1988. Early Tertiary radiation of marine mollusks and the long-term effect of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Paleobiology 14:37–51.Google Scholar
Hansen, T. A. 1992. The patterns and causes of molluscan extinction across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Pp. 341–348 in Prothero, and Berggren, 1992.Google Scholar
Harper, C. W. Jr. 1975. Standing diversity of fossil groups in successive intervals of geologic time: a new measure. Journal of Paleontology 49:752–757.Google Scholar
Harries, P. J. 1993. Dynamics of survival following the Cenomanian-Turonian mass extinction event. Cretaceous Research 15:563–583.Google Scholar
Harte, M. 1998a. The evolution of Mercenaria Schumacher 1817 (Bivalvia: Veneridae). Pp. 305–315 in Johnston, P. A. and Haggart, J. W., eds. Bivalves: an eon of evolution. University of Calgary Press, Calgary.Google Scholar
Harte, M. 1998b. Superfamily Veneroidea. Pp. 355–362 in Beesley, P. L., Ross, G. J. B., and Wells, A., eds. Mollusca: the southern synthesis. Fauna of Australia, Vol. 5. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Harvey, P. H., and Pagel, M. D. 1991. The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinberg, C. 1999. Lower Danian bivalves, Stevns Klint, Denmark: continuity across the K/T boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154:87–106.Google Scholar
Hickman, C. S. 1980. Paleogene marine gastropods of the Keasey Formation of Oregon. Bulletin of American Paleontology 78:1–112.Google Scholar
Hickman, C. S. 2003. Evidence for abrupt Eocene-Oligocene molluscan faunal changes in the Pacific Northwest. Pp. 71–87 in Prothero, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Hsü, K. J. 1986. Environmental changes in the time of biotic crisis. In Raup, D. M. and Jablonski, D., eds. Patterns and processes in the history of life. Dahlem Konferenzen Life Sciences Research Report 36:297–312. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Ivany, L. C., Nesbitt, E. A., and Prothero, D. R. 2003a. The marine Eocene-Oligocene transition: a synthesis. Pp. 522–534 in Prothero, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Ivany, L. C., Lohmann, K. C., and Patterson, W. P. 2003b. Paleogene temperature history of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain inferred from δ18O of fossil otoliths. Pp. 232–251 in Prothero, et al. 2003.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1996. Body size and macroevolution. Pp. 256–289 in Jablonski, D., Erwin, D. H., and Lipps, J. H., eds. Evolutionary paleobiology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1997. Body-size evolution in Cretaceous molluscs and the status of Cope's Rule. Nature 385:250–252.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1998. Geographic variation in the molluscan recovery from the end-Cretaceous extinction. Science 279:1327–1330.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D., and Raup, D. M. 1995. Selectivity of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions. Science 268:389–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, D. S., Arthur, M. A., and Allard, D. J. 1989. Sclerochronological records of temperature and growth from shells of Mercenaria mercenaria from Narragansett Bay Rhode Island. Marine Biology 102:225–234.Google Scholar
Kaljo, D. 1996. Diachronous recovery patterns in Early Silurian corals, graptolites, and acritarchs. In Hart, M. B., ed. Biotic recovery from mass extinction events. Geological Society of London Special Publication 102:127–134.Google Scholar
Katz, M. E., Pak, D. K., Dickens, G. R., and Miller, K. G. 1999. The source and fate of massive carbon input during the latest Paleocene thermal maximum. Science 286:1531–1533.Google Scholar
Kelley, P. H., and Hansen, T. A. 1996. Recovery of the naticid gastropod predator-prey system from the Cretaceous-Tertiary and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions. In Hart, M. B., ed. Biotic recovery from mass extinction events. Geological Society of London Special Publication 102:373–386.Google Scholar
Kelly, D. C., Bralower, T. J., Zachos, J. C., Premoli Silva, I., and Thomas, E. 1996. Rapid diversification of planktonic foraminifera in the tropical Pacific (ODP Site 865) during the late Paleocene thermal maximum. Geology 24:423–426.Google Scholar
Kidwell, S. M., and Bosence, D. W. J. 1991. Taphonomy and time-averaging of marine shelly faunas. Pp. 115–209 in Allison, P. A. and Briggs, D. E. G., eds. Taphonomy: releasing the data locked in the fossil record. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
LaBarbera, M. 1986. The evolution and ecology of body size. In Raup, D. M. and Jablonski, D., eds. Patterns and processes in the history of life. Dahlem Konferenzen, Life Sciences Research Report 36:69–98. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Lockwood, R. 2004. The K/T event and infaunality: morphological and ecological patterns of extinction and recovery in veneroid bivalves. Paleobiology 30:507–521.Google Scholar
McKinney, M. L. 1990. Trends in body-size evolution. Pp. 75–118 in McNamara, K. J., ed. Evolutionary trends. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
McRoberts, C. A., and Newton, C. R. 1995. Selective extinction among end-Triassic European bivalves. Geology 23:102–104.Google Scholar
McRoberts, C. A., Newton, C. R., and Allasinaz, A. 1995. End-Triassic bivalve extinction: Lombardian Alps, Italy. Historical Biology 9:297–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, A. I., and Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1988. Modeling bivalve diversification: the effect of interaction on a macroevolutionary system. Paleobiology 14:364–369.Google Scholar
Norris, R. D. 1991. Biased extinction and evolutionary trends. Paleobiology 17:388–399.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R. 1992. Calcification in marine mollusks: how costly is it? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89:1379–1382.Google Scholar
Palmer, K. V. W. 1927. The Veneridae of Eastern America: Cenozoic and Recent. Palaeontologica Americana 1:209–522.Google Scholar
Passamonti, M., Mantovani, B., and Scali, V. 1998. Characterization of a highly repeated DNA family in Tapetinae species. Zoological Science of Japan 15:599–605.Google Scholar
Passamonti, M., Mantovani, B., and Scali, V. 1999. Allozymic analysis of some Mediterranean Veneridae: preliminary notes of taxonomy and systematics of the family. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79:899–906.Google Scholar
Prothero, D. R., and Berggren, W. A., eds. 1992. Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. Google Scholar
Prothero, D. R., Ivany, L. C., and Nesbitt, E. A., eds. 2003. From greenhouse to icehouse: the marine Eocene-Oligocene transition. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1995. The role of extinction in evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91:6758–6763.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M., and Jablonski, D. 1993. Geography of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions. Science 260:971–973.Google Scholar
Rice, W. M. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223–225.Google Scholar
Roopnarine, P. D., and Beussink, A. 1999. Extinction and naticid predation of the bivalve Chione von Mühlfeld in the late Neogene of Florida. Palaeontologia Electronica 2:1–14.Google Scholar
Roopnarine, P. D., and Tang, C. M. 2001. Environmental and developmental controls of morphological diversity in a thermal spring gastropod from Coahuila, Mexico. Eos (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union) 82 (Fall Meeting Suppl.) Abstract B22D–0186.Google Scholar
Roy, K., and Martien, K. R. 2001. Latitudinal distribution of body size in north-eastern Pacific marine bivalves. Journal of Biogeography 28:485–493.Google Scholar
Roy, K., Jablonski, D., Valentine, J. W., and Rosenberg, G. 1998. Marine latitudinal diversity gradients: tests of causal hypotheses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95:3699–3702.Google Scholar
Roy, K., Jablonski, D., and Martien, K. R. 2000. Invariant size-frequency distributions along a latitudinal gradient in marine bivalves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97:13150–13155.Google Scholar
Roy, K., Jablonski, D., and Valentine, J. W. 2002. Body size and invasion success in marine bivalves. Ecology Letters 5:163–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, D. 1977. The biotic crisis at the end of the Cretaceous period. Syllogeus, National Museum of Natural Sciences Canada 12:11–23.Google Scholar
Ryder, G., Fastershy, D., and Gartner, S. 1996. The Cretaceous-Tertiary event and other catastrophes in Earth history. Geological Society of America Special Paper 307.Google Scholar
Saunders, W. B., Work, D. M., and Nikolaeva, S. V. 1999. Evolution of complexity in Paleozoic ammonoid sutures. Science 286:760–763.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. M., and Hansen, T. A. 1986. Detritus feeding as a buffer to extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. Geology 14:868–870.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. M., Coorough, P. J., and Fastovsky, D. E. 1996. Biotic selectivity during the K/T and Late Ordovician extinction events. Pp. 477–489 in Ryder, et al. 1996.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., and Jeffery, C. H. 1998. Selectivity of extinction among sea urchins at the end of the Cretaceous period. Nature 392:69–71.Google Scholar
Smith, T. J., and Roy, K. 1999. Late Neogene extinctions and modern regional species diversity: analyses using the Pectinidae of California. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 31:473.Google Scholar
Sohl, N. F., and Koch, C. F. 1983. Upper Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) Mollusca from the Haustator bilira assemblage zone in the East Gulf Coastal Plain. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohl, N. F., and Koch, C. F. 1984. Upper Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) Mollusca from the Haustator bilira assemblage zone in the West Gulf Coastal Plain. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohl, N. F., and Koch, C. F. 1987. Upper Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) Mollusca from the Haustator bilira assemblage zone in the Atlantic Coastal Plain with Further Data for the East Gulf. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-194.Google Scholar
Staff, G. M., Stanton, R. J. Jr., Powell, E. N., and Cummins, H. 1986. Time averaging, taphonomy, and their impact on paleocommunity reconstruction: death assemblages in Texas bays. Geological Society of America Bulletin 97:428–443.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1973. An explanation for Cope's Rule. Evolution 27:1–26.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1986. Population size, extinction, and speciation: the fission effect in Neogene Bivalvia. Paleobiology 12:89–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1990. Delayed recovery and the spacing of major extinctions. Paleobiology 16:401–414.Google Scholar
Thomas, E. 1998. The Paleocene-Eocene benthic foraminiferal extinction and stable isotope anomalies. Pp. 214–243 in Aubry, M.-P. et al. 1998.Google Scholar
Thomas, E., and Gooday, A. J. 1996. Cenozoic deep-sea benthic foraminifers: tracers for changes in oceanic productivity? Geology 24:355–358.Google Scholar
Valentine, J. W. 1989. How good was the fossil record? Clues from the California Pleistocene. Paleobiology 15:83–94.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, B. 1994. Extinction and replacement among predatory mammals in the North American Late Eocene and Oligocene: tracking a paleoguild over twelve million years. Historical Biology 8:129–150.Google Scholar
Vermeij, G. J. 1987. Evolution and escalation. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. Google Scholar
Wing, S. L., Gingerich, P. D., Schmitz, B., and Thomas, E., eds. 2003. Causes and consequences of globally warm climates in the early Paleogene. Geological Society of America Special Paper 369.Google Scholar
Zachos, J. C., and Arthur, M. A. 1986. Paleoceanography of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary event: inferences from stable isotopic and other data. Paleoceanography 1:5–26.Google Scholar
Zachos, J. C., Stott, L. D., and Lohmann, K. C. 1994. Evolution of early Cenozoic marine temperatures. Paleoceanography 9:353–387.Google Scholar
Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., and Billups, K. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292:686–694.Google Scholar