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Paleodiet of Lamini camelids (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil: insights from stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ18O)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2022

Thayara S. Carrasco Open the ORCID record for Thayara S. Carrasco [Opens in a new window] ,
Carolina S. Scherer ,
Ana Maria Ribeiro  and
Francisco S. Buchmann
Thayara S. Carrasco*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo 11330-900 Brazil. E-mail: thayaracarrasco@gmail.com, paleonchico@yahoo.com.br
Carolina S. Scherer
Affiliation:
Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia 44380-000 Brazil. E-mail: carolina.ss@ufrb.edu.br
Ana Maria Ribeiro
Affiliation:
Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90690-000 Brazil. E-mail: amaria-ribeiro@sema.rs.gov.br
Francisco S. Buchmann
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Estratigrafia e Paleontologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo 11330-900 Brazil. E-mail: thayaracarrasco@gmail.com, paleonchico@yahoo.com.br
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Camelids (Camelidae) were a diverse and widely distributed group in South America during the Pleistocene. According to the fossil record, three species inhabited southern Brazil in the recent past: Hemiauchenia paradoxa, Lama guanicoe, and Vicugna vicugna. The analysis of carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios in bioapatite provides insight into the paleobiology of nonliving animals and the environment they used to inhabit. We applied this tool to investigate the diet of camelids from two geological localities in southern Brazil: Touro Passo and Santa Vitória Formations (H. paradoxa, n = 7; L. guanicoe, n = 6; V. vicugna, n = 4). Carbon stable isotopes from enamel, dentin, and bone indicated that H. paradoxa and L. guanicoe had diets comprising mostly C3 grasses, but the latter showed a broader diet due to one individual with a mixed diet, whereas V. vicugna had a mixed C3–C4 diet. These different foraging behaviors may have minimized interspecific competition and favored niche partitioning and the coexistence of related species. Combined oxygen and carbon isotope data showed a consistent diet according to climate, probably due to the greater availability in glacial periods of cool-season grasses, which mainly use the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Given their adaptations to grazing, the climate amelioration, followed by the loss of grasslands, likely had a great impact on camelid populations, leading to their extinction in southern Brazil. These results, therefore, contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of paleocommunities in this region.

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Paleobiology , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , August 2022 , pp. 513 - 526
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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