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A systematic review on modelling approaches for economic losses studies caused by parasites and their associated diseases in cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2018

Muhammad Rashid Open the ORCID record for Muhammad Rashid [Opens in a new window] ,
Muhammad Imran Rashid ,
Haroon Akbar ,
Liaquat Ahmad ,
Muhammad Adeel Hassan ,
Kamran Ashraf ,
Khalid Saeed  and
Mohamed Gharbi
Muhammad Rashid
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, People's Republic of China
Muhammad Imran Rashid*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
Haroon Akbar
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
Liaquat Ahmad
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics and Computer Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Adeel Hassan
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, People's Republic of China
Kamran Ashraf
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
Khalid Saeed
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
Mohamed Gharbi
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, Univ. Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
*
Author for correspondence: M. I. Rashid, E-mail: imran.rashid@uvas.edu.pk
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Abstract

Parasites reside inside or outside their hosts and get host nutrition and blood. Here, we have emphasized economic losses in cattle caused by parasitic diseases due to ecto- and endo- parasites (flies, ticks, mites and helminths). We have outlined different methods/models including economic evaluation techniques and dynamic analysis as a major class, used for the calculation of economic losses caused by parasites in cattle. According to already conducted studies, a decrease in production is mentioned in quantity and percentage while financial losses are expressed in the form of account with respect to per head, herd or for the specific study area. The parasites cause the reduced production and financial losses due to control, treatment and mortality costs. We calculated the average decrease in milk production and organ condemnation as 1.16 L animal−1 day−1 and 12.95%, respectively, from overall cattle parasitic infections. Moreover, the average calculated financial and percentage losses were US$ 50.67 animal−1 year−1 and 17.94%, respectively. Economically important parasitic diseases mentioned here are caused by specific spp. of protozoans and helminths according to data collected from the literature. Protozoan diseases include tick-borne diseases, coccidiosis, neosporosis, trypanosomiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Losses due to tick-borne infections were encountered for decreased milk production, mortality, treatment and control. Losses from coccidiosis were due to decreased weight gain, treatment costs and mortality. While abortion losses were encountered in neosporosis. Trypanosomiasis caused losses due to a decrease in milk yield. Moreover, only diagnostic (conventional or molecular techniques) cost was taken into account for cryptosporidiosis. Economically important nematode parasites are Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Ostertagia spp. and Haemonchus placei. Due to the zoonotic importance of echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus is the most economically important cestode parasite. Losses caused by echinococcosis were due to organ condemnation, carcass weight loss and decreases hide value, milk production and fecundity. While, fascioliasis is one of the most economically important trematodal disease, which causes cirrhosis of the liver due to parasite migration, and thus, the organ becomes inedible. So, it would be helpful for farmers and researchers to approach these methods/models for calculation of parasitic losses and should adopt suitable measures to avoid long-term economic losses.

Keywords

Calculation methods/modelscattleeconomic lossesparasites

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Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 2 , February 2019 , pp. 129 - 141
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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