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A review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2015

J. P. DUBEY ,
M. HILALI ,
E. VAN WILPE ,
R. CALERO-BERNAL ,
S. K. VERMA  and
I. E. ABBAS
J. P. DUBEY*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
M. HILALI
Affiliation:
Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
E. VAN WILPE
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
R. CALERO-BERNAL
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
S. K. VERMA
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
I. E. ABBAS
Affiliation:
Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
*
*Corresponding author. USDA, ARS, APDL, BARC-East, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. E-mail: jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov
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Summary

There is considerable confusion concerning Sarcocystis species in camels. Five species: Sarcocystis cameli, Sarcocystis ippeni, Sarcocystis camelicanis, Sarcocystis camelocanis and Sarcocystis miescheri were named with inadequate descriptions and no type specimens. Here, we review literature on sarcocystosis in camels worldwide and redescribe structure of S. cameli and S. ippeni sarcocysts by light- and transmission electron microscopy (LM and TEM). Eight sarcocysts from the oesophagi of two camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Egypt were studied. By LM, all sarcocysts were thin-walled with barely visible projections on the cyst walls. By TEM, two structurally distinct sarcocysts were recognized by unique villar protrusions (vp) not found in sarcocysts from any other host. Sarcocysts of S. cameli had vp of type 9j. The sarcocyst wall had upright slender vp, up to 3·0 µm long and 0·5 µm wide; the total thickness of the sarcocyst wall with ground substance (gs) layer was 3·5 µm. On each vp, there were rows of knob-like protrusions that appeared to be interconnected. The vp had microtubules that originated at midpoint of the gs and continued up to the tip; microtubules were smooth, without any granules or dense areas. Bradyzoites were approximately 14–15 × 3–4 µm in size with typical organelles. Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts had type 32 sarcocyst wall characterized by conical vp with an electron dense knob. The total thickness of the sarcocyst wall (from the base of gs to vp tip) was 2·3–3·0 µm. The vp were up to 1·2 µm wide at the base and 0·25 µm at the tip. Microtubules in vp originated at midpoint of gs and continued up to tip; microtubules were criss-crossed, smooth and without granules or dense areas. Bradyzoites were 12·0–13·5 × 2·0–3·0 µm in size. Sarcocystis camelicanis, S. camelocanis and S. miescheri are considered invalid.

Keywords

Sarcocystis cameliSarcocystis ippenione-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)electron microscopyultrastructure
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 12 , October 2015 , pp. 1481 - 1492
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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