Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T12:00:44.556Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Convention and the Origins of Ownership

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Abstract

We examine contemporary game-theoretic accounts of ownership as a convention. New results from dynamic networks complicate matters, suggesting that if ownership is conventional, it should not be as prevalent as it seems to be. In fact, such models reveal a tendency toward antiownership norms. The value of resources may be crucial: low stakes lead to conventional ownership, but ownership norms rarely evolve; high stakes lead to a predominance of ownership at the cost of its conventionality. We argue that conventional ownership norms can originate in nonconventional ways and discuss some philosophical implications.

Type
Formal Epistemology and Game Theory
Copyright
Copyright © The Philosophy of Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We would like to thank Brian Skyrms, the participants at the PSA 2018 meeting, and the participants at PBDB13 for helpful discussion and commentary. Both authors contributed equally to this article.

References

Amadae, S. M. 2011. “Normativity and Instrumentalism in David Lewis.” History of European Ideas 37:325–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aumann, R. 1974. “Subjectivity and Correlation in Randomized Strategies.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 1:6796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergstrom, C. T., and Godfrey-Smith, P.. 1998. “On the Evolution of Behavioral Heterogeneity in Individuals and Populations.” Biology and Philosophy 13:205–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, J. W. 1976. “Social Spiders.” Scientific American 234:99106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foley, M., Forber, P., Smead, R., and Reidl, C.. 2018. “Conflict and Convention in Dynamic Networks.” Royal Society Interface 15:20170835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, M. 1989. On Social Facts. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Huttegger, S. M., and Zollman, K. J. S.. 2012. “The Limits of ESS Methodology.” In Evolution and Rationality: Decisions, Cooperation and Strategic Behavior, ed. Okasha, S. and Binmore, K.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, D. 1969. Convention. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. 1982. Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millikan, R. 2017. Beyond Concepts: Unicepts, Language, and Natural Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Connor, C. 2019. The Origins of Unfairness: Social Categories and Cultural Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780198789970.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Planer, R. J., and Kalkman, D.. 2019. “Arbitrary Signals and Cognitive Complexity.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 19:126.Google Scholar
Press, W. H., and Dyson, F. J.. 2012. “Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Contains Strategies That Dominate Any Evolutionary Opponent.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (26): 10409–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, A., and Erev, I.. 1995. “Learning in Extensive Form Games: Experimental Data and Simple Dynamical Models in the Intermediate Term.” Games and Economic Behavior 8:164212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, M., and Zollman, K. J. S.. 2019. “Natural Conventions and Indirect Speech Acts.” Philosophers’ Imprint 19:126.Google Scholar
Skyrms, B. 1996. Evolution of the Social Contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skyrms, B.. 2010. Signals: Evolution, Learning, and the Flow of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smead, R. 2014. “Evolving Games and the Social Contract.” In Complexity and the Human Experience: Modeling Complexity in the Humanities and Social Sciences, ed. Youngman, P. A. and Hadzikadic, M., 6180. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, D. W., and Heinen, V. K.. 2018. “Modeling Nonhuman Conventions: The Behavioral Ecology of Arbitrary Action.” Behavioral Ecology 29:598608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderschraaf, P. 1995. “Convention as Correlated Equilibrium.” Erkenntnis 42:6587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weatherford, J. 2005. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York: Broadway.Google Scholar
Weibull, J. W. 1995. Evolutionary Game Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Young, H. P. 1993. “The Evolution of Convention.” Econometrica 61:5781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar