Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-pwrkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-22T01:01:32.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Glottal transparency*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2008

Joseph Paul Stemberger
Joseph Paul Stemberger
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Glottal consonants (/h/ and /?/) often have a special status that has led to the hypothesis that they are underspecified for both consonant and vowel place of articulation features. There is an alternative acoustically based explanation for the special status that, while workable, is valued less highly in linguistic theory. This alternative hypothesis can be ruled out only with data where the relevant acoustic phenomena are not contained in the input to be learned. I address four processes of consonant and vowel harmony in the speech of three children learning English, where the alternative hypothesis cannot account for the data. I conclude that glottals are underspecified for consonant and vowel place of articulation features, and that they lack the node in feature geometry that immediately dominates such features (either the Place node or an Oral node).

Type
Articles
Information
Phonology , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , May 1993 , pp. 107 - 138
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Archangeli, D. (1984). Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology. PhD dissertation, MIT. Published 1986, New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Avery, P. & Rice, K. (1989). Segment structure and coronal Underspecification. Phonology 6. 179–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chin, S. B. & Dinnsen, D. A. (1992). Feature geometry in disordered phonologies. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 5. 329–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. & Halle, M. (1968). The sound pattern of English. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Clements, G. N. (1985). The geometry of phonological features. Phonology Yearbook 2. 225–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clements, G. N. (1989). A unified set of features for consonants and vowels. Ms, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Clements, G. N. & Keyser, S. J. (1983). CV phonology. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (1987). Towards a ‘bucket’ theory of language disability: taking account of interaction between linguistic levels. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 1. 7–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinnsen, D. A. & Elbert, M. (1984). On the relationship between phonology and learning. In Elbert, M., Dinnsen, D. A. & Weismer, G. (eds.) Phonological theory and the misarticulating child. ASHA Monographs 22. 69–82.Google Scholar
Donahue, M. (1986). Phonological constraints on the emergence of two-word utterances. Journal of Child Language 13. 209–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faber, A. & Best, C. T. (1992). The perceptual infrastructure of early phonological development. Paper presented at the 21st Annual University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Linguistics Symposium.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. & Farwell, C. B. (1975). Words and sounds in early language acquisition. Lg 51. 419–439.Google Scholar
Gandour, J. (1981). The nondeviant nature of deviant phonological systems. Journal of Communication Disorders 14. 11–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gay, T. (1977). Articulatory movements in CVC sequences. JASA 62. 183–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Halle, M. & Mohanan, K. P. (1985). Segmental phonology of Modern English. LI 16. 57–116.Google Scholar
Hayes, B. (1986). Assimilation as spreading in Toba Batak. LI 17. 467–499.Google Scholar
Hayes, B. (1989). Compensatory lengthening in Moraic Phonology. LI 20. 253–306.Google Scholar
Hyams, N. (1986). Language acquisition and the theory of parameters. Dordrecht: Reidel.Google Scholar
Ingram, D. (1974). Fronting in child phonology. Journal of Child Language 1. 49–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, D. (1989a). First language acquisition: method, description, and explanation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ingram, D. (1989b). Underspecification theory and phonological acquisition. Ms, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Kawasaki-Fukumori, H. (1992). An acoustical basis for universal phonotactic constraints. Language and Speech 35. 73–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keating, P. A. (1985a). CV phonology, experimental phonetics, and coarticulation. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 57. 1–13.Google Scholar
Keating, P. A. (1985b). Phonological patterns in coarticulation. Paper presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Seattle.Google Scholar
Kiparsky, P. (1985). Some consequences of Lexical Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 2. 83–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: from intention to articulation. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lightfoot, D. (1991). How to set parameters: arguments from language change. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. J. (1988). Feature geometry and dependency. Phonetica 43. 84–108.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. J. (1989). Linear order in phonological representation. LI 20. 71–99.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. J. (1991). The phonology of Semitic pharyngeals. Ms, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Google Scholar
Macken, M. A. (1979). Developmental reorganization of phonology: a hierarchy of basic units of acquisition. Lingua 49. 11–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macken, M. A. (1980). The child's lexical representation: evidence from the ‘puzzle-puddle-pickle’ phenomenon. JL 16. 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthei, E. H. (1989). Crossing boundaries: more evidence for phonological constraints on early multi-word utterances. Journal of Child Language 16. 41–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menn, L. (1977). Phonological units in beginning speech. In Bell, A. & Hooper, J. B. (eds.) Syllables and segments. Amsterdam: North Holland. 315–334.Google Scholar
Menn, L. (1983). Development of articulatory, phonetic, and phonological capabilities. In Butterworth, B. (ed.) Language production. Vol. 2: Development, writing, and other language processes. London: Academic Press. 1–50.Google Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1986). The theory of Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Reidel.Google Scholar
Mohanan, K. P. (1991). On the bases of underspecification. NLLT 9. 285–325.Google Scholar
Odden, D. (1991). Vowel geometry. Phonology 8. 261–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1979a). The contribution of acoustic phonetics to phonology. In Lindblom, B. & Ohman, S. (eds.) Frontiers of speech communication research. London: Academic Press. 355–363.Google Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1979b). The phonetics of dissimilation: a hypothesis. Paper presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Ohala, J. J. (1990). The phonetics and phonology of aspects of assimilation. In Kingston, J. & Beckman, M. E. (eds.) Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: between the grammar and physics of speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 258–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohman, S. (1966). Coarticulation in CVC utterances: spectrographic measurements. JASA 66. 1691–1702.Google Scholar
Paradis, C. & Prunet, J.-F. (1989). On coronal transparency. Phonology 6. 317–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, C. & Prunet, J.-F. (eds.) (1991). The special status of coronals. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Piggott, G. L. (1990). The representation of sonorant features. Ms, McGill University.Google Scholar
Priestly, T. M. S. (1977). One idiosyncratic strategy in the acquisition of phonology. Journal of Child Language 4. 45–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sagey, E. C. (1986). The representation of features and relations in non-linear phonology. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Schein, B. & Steriade, D. (1986). On geminates. LI 17. 691–744.Google Scholar
Schwartz, R. & Leonard, L. (1982). Do children pick and choose? An examination of phonological selection and avoidance in early language acquisition. Journal of Child Language 9. 319–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, P. A. (1991a). Consonant harmony systems: the special status of Coronal Harmony. In Paradis, & Prunet, (1991). 125–157.Google Scholar
Shaw, P. A. (1991b). The laryngeal/post-velar connection. Paper presented at the conference on Phonological Feature Organisation, Santa Cruz.Google Scholar
Smith, N. (1973). The acquisition of phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Spencer, A. (1986). Towards a theory of phonological development. Lingua 68. 3–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, J. P. (1988). Between-word processes in child phonology. Journal of Child Language 15. 39–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stemberger, J. P. (1991a). Apparent anti-frequency effects in language production: the Addition Bias and phonological underspecification. Journal of Memory and Language 30. 161–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, J. P. (1991b). Radical underspecification in language production. Phonology 8. 73–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, J. P. (1992a). A connectionist view of child phonology: phonological processing without phonological processes. In Ferguson, C., Menn, L. & Stoel-Gammon, C. (eds.) Phonological development: theories and applications. Parkton, MD: York Press: 165–189.Google Scholar
Stemberger, J. P. (1992b). A performance constraint on compensatory lengthening in child phonology. Language and Speech 35. 207–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stemberger, J. P. (1993). Rule ordering in child phonology. In Eid, M. & Iverson, G. (eds.) Principles and prediction: the analysis of natural language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 305–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stemberger, J. P. & Stoel-Gammon, C. (1991). The underspecification of coronals: evidence from language acquisition and performance error. In Paradis, & Prunet, (1991). 181–199.Google Scholar
Steriade, D. (1987). Redundant values. CLS 23:2. 339–362.Google Scholar
Stoel-Gammon, C. (1988). Prelinguistic vocalizations of hearing-impaired and normally hearing subjects - a comparison of consonantal inventories. Journal of Speech Disorders 53. 302–315.Google ScholarPubMed
Stoel-Gammon, C. & Herrington, P. B. (1990). Vowel systems of normally developing and phonologically disordered children. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 4. 145–160.Google ScholarPubMed
Vellemann, S. (1992). Nonlinear representation of ‘word recipes’. Paper presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Vihman, M. (1978). Consonant harmony: its scope and function in child language. In Greenberg, J. H. (ed.) Universals of human language. Vol. 2: Phonology. Standford: Standford University Press. 281–334.Google Scholar
Vihman, M. M., Ferguson, C. A. & Elbert, M. (1986). Phonological development from babbling to speech: common tendencies and individual differences. Applied Psycholinguistics 7. 3–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, F. F. (1981). Systematic sound preference as a characteristic of phonological disability. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 46. 281–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werker, J. F. & Lalonde, C. E. (1988). Cross-language speech perception: initial capabilities and developmental change. Developmental Psychology 24. 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, M. (1987). English vowel epenthesis. NLLT 5. 463–484.Google Scholar