Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T09:15:08.125Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Underspecification in Phonetics*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2008

Patricia A. Keating
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles

Extract

It is often assumed in work on the phonological underspecification of segments that while representations may at first be underspecified, they end up fully specified. Various kinds of rules are posited to ensure that in output forms all features have values for all segments. In this paper I will consider an alternative view: that underspecification may persist into phonetic representations. I begin by reviewing some of the relevant phonological phenomena and mechanisms, and some of the history of underspecification in phonetic studies. I then show how phonetic data may be taken to reflect the presence or absence of feature values in surface forms. Finally, the extent to which surface specification depends on segmental contrasts is examined. The aim of this paper is to present some phonetic phenomena that are potentially relevant to any theory of underspecification.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Archangeli, D. & Pulleyblank, D. (forthcoming). The content and structure of phonological representations. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bell-Berti, F. & Harris, K. (1976). Some aspects of coarticulation. Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research SR45/46. 197204.Google Scholar
Benguerel, A.-P. & Cowan, H. (1974). Coarticulation of upper lip protrusion in French. Phonetica 30. 4155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Browman, C. & Goldstein, L. (1986). Towards an articulatory phonology. PhY 3. 219254.Google Scholar
Clements, G. N. (1987). Toward a substantive theory of feature specification. Paper presented at the UCLA Symposium on Segment Structure, October 1987.Google Scholar
Derkach, M., Fant, G. & de Serpa Leitãõ, A. (1970). Phoneme coarticulation in Russian hard and soft VCV-utterances with voiceless fricatives. Speech Transmission Laboratory Quarterly Progress and Status Report 2–3. 17.Google Scholar
Fowler, C. (1980). Coarticulation and theories of extrinsic timing. JPh 8. 113133.Google Scholar
Fowler, C. (1981). Production and perception of coarticulation among stressed and unstressed vowels. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 46. 127139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gay, T. (1977). Articulatory movements in VCV sequences. JASA 62. 183193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gay, T. (1978). Articulatory units: segments or syllables? In Bell, A. & Hooper, J. B. (eds.) Syllables and segments. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 121131.Google Scholar
Henke, W. (1966). Dynamic articulatory model of speech production using computer simulation. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Huffman, M. (1986). Patterns of coarticulation in English. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 63. 2647.Google Scholar
Hussein, L. (1987). Coarticulation in VCV sequences in Arabic. JASA 81. S68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, P. (1985). CV phonology, experimental phonetics, and coarticulation. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 62. 113.Google Scholar
Kent, R. (1983). The segmental organization of speech. In Macneilage, P. (ed.) The production of speech. New York: Springer. 5790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, R., Carney, P. & Severeid, L. (1974). Velar movement and timing: evaluation of a model for binary control. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 17. 470488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, R. & Minifie, F. (1977). Coarticulation in recent speech production models. JPh 5. 115133.Google Scholar
Kozhevnikov, V. & Chistovich, L. (1965). Speech: articulation and perception. Translated and distributed by Joint Publications Research Service, Washington DC.Google Scholar
McAdams, B. (1987). The relation between vowel variation and vowel-to-vowel coarticulation across languages. JASA 81. S66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magen, H. (1984). Vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in English and Japanese. JASA 75. S11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manuel, S. & Krakow, R. (1984). Universal and language particular aspects of vowel-to-vowel coarticulation. Haskins Laboratories Status Report on Speech Research SR77/78. 6978.Google Scholar
Moll, K. & Daniloff, R. (1971). Investigation of the timing of velar movements during speech. JASA 50. 678694.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Öhman, S. (1966). Coarticulation in VCV utterances: spectrographic measurements. JASA 39. 151168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Öhman, S. (1967). Numerical models of co-articulation. JASA 41. 310320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (1980). The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. B. & Beckman, M. (forthcoming). Japanese tone structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Purcell, E. (1979). Formant frequency patterns in Russian VCV utterances. JASA 66. 16911702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharf, D. & Ohde, R. (1981). Physiological, acoustic, and perceptual aspects of coarticulation: implications for the remediation of articulatory disorders. In Lass, N. (ed.) Speech and language: advances in basic research and practice. Vol. 5. New York: Academic Press. 153247.Google Scholar
Steriade, D. (1987). Redundant values. In Bosch, A., Need, B. & Schiller, E. (eds.) Papers from the parasession on metrical and autosegmental phonology. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society. 339362.Google Scholar
Stevens, K., Keyser, S. J. & Kawasaki, H. (1986). Toward a phonetic and phonological theory of redundant features. In Perkell, J. & Klatt, D. (eds.) Symposium on invariance and variability of speech processes. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. 432469.Google Scholar