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‘Every time I dress myself, it go motherfuckin’ viral’: Post-verbal flows and memetic hype in Young Thug's mumble rap

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2020

Michael Waugh*
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK

Abstract

Hip-hop studies have historically centred on issues of the ‘street’ or virtuosic lyricism and flow, foregrounded as evidence of the ‘seriousness’ of the genre. While these have undoubtedly been valuable theoretical approaches, the prominence of social networking in the 2010s (with its vast implications for communication and identity politics) has sculpted a generation of rappers whose vocal style and self-representation disintegrate prior assumptions about hip-hop identity. These artists, who have flourished in tandem with the rise of streaming services, have been disparagingly dubbed ‘mumble rap’ by traditionalists owing to the apparent indecipherability of their vocals and a lack of emphasis on observational or poetic lyricism. In this article I argue that this myopic label undervalues the groundbreakingly post-verbal nature of the music being created by these rappers, and highlights the innovations of mumble rap, exploring the centrality of social media, memes and streaming to its existence while critically examining its protagonists’ unconventionally stylised vocals. After analysing the impact of streaming, information overload and audience participation (through social media hype and memes) on contemporary hip-hop, I survey the growth of melodic Auto-Tuned vocals and repetitive lyricism in the work of pioneering mumble rappers such as Future, before turning to an extended examination of Atlanta's Young Thug, whose controversially malleable vocal style, which prioritises experimentation with vocal textures while confounding the rules of hip-hop flow, is mirrored by his impulsive exploitation of social media and androgynous fashion sense, establishing him as the most revolutionary archetype of so-called mumble rap.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Discography

Calvin Harris, ‘Heatstroke (Feat. Young Thug, Ariana Grande and Pharrell Williams)’. Columbia. 2017Google Scholar
Cabello, Camila, ‘Havana (Feat. Young Thug)’. Epic. 2017Google Scholar
Keef, Chief, Nobody. Glo Gang. 2014Google Scholar
Gambino, Childish, ‘This Is America’. RCA. 2018Google Scholar
Drake, ‘Hotline Bling’. Cash Money/OVO. 2015Google Scholar
Drake, , Views. Cash Money/OVO. 2016Google Scholar
Drake, ‘Sacrifices (Feat. 2 Chainz and Young Thug)’. Cash Money/OVO. 2017Google Scholar
Drake, , Scorpion. Cash Money/OVO. 2018Google Scholar
Future, , ‘Tony Montana’. Self-released. 2011Google Scholar
Future, ‘Mask Off’. Epic. 2017Google Scholar
Gucci Mane, ‘Guwop Home (Feat. Young Thug). Atlantic/1017. 2016Google Scholar
Mane, Gucci, ‘Punchanella (Feat. Young Thug)’. Self-released. 2013Google Scholar
Jamie, , ‘I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times) (Feat. Young Thug and Popcaan)’. Young Turks. 2015Google Scholar
West, Kanye, 808s and Heartbreak. Def Jam. 2008Google Scholar
West, Kanye, The Life Of Pablo. Def Jam. 2016Google Scholar
Nas X, Lil, ‘Old Town Road’. Columbia. 2018Google Scholar
Lil Pump, ‘Gucci Gang’. Tha Lights Global/Warner Bros. 2017Google Scholar
Lil Uzi Vert, ‘XO TOUR Llif3’. Atlantic. 2017Google Scholar
Wayne, Lil, Rebirth. Cash Money. 2009Google Scholar
Migos, , ‘Bad And Boujee’. Quality Control Music. 2016Google Scholar
Playboi Carti, ‘Magnolia’. Interscope/AWGE. 2017Google Scholar
Rae Sremmurd, ‘Black Beatles’. EarDrummers/Interscope. 2016Google Scholar
Rae Sremmurd, ‘Offshore (Feat. Young Thug’. EarDrummers, Interscope. 2018Google Scholar
Gang, Rich, ‘Lifestyle’. Cash Money. 2014Google Scholar
Gang, Rich, Rich Gang: Tha Tour Part 1. Cash Money. 2014Google Scholar
T.I., ‘About The (Feat. Young Thug)’. Columbia. 2014Google Scholar
Tyga, , ‘Hookah (Feat. Young Thug)’. Cash Money. 2014Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘2 Bitches (Danny Glover)’. Self-released. 2013Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Best Friend’. 300. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Dome’. 300. 201510.1177/0040571X15578832nGoogle Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Drippin’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Family Don't Matter’. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Feel It’. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Flaws’. Self-released. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Floyd Mayweather (Feat. Travis Scott, Gucci Mane and Gunna)’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Gangster Shit’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Givenchy’. Cash Money. 2014Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Guwop (Feat. Quavo, Offset and Young Scooter)’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Haiti Slang’. Self-released. 2011Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Halftime’. 300. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Harambe’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Imma Ride (Feat. Birdman & Yung Ralph)’. Cash Money. 2014Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Just Might Be’. 300. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Kanye West’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Killed Before’. Epic/300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Me Or Us’. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Nigeria (Feat. Gucci Mane and Peewee Longway)’. Self-released. 2013Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Numbers’. 300. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘On Fire’. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Raw (Might Just'). Self-released. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘RiRi’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Texas Love’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Thief In The Night (Feat. Trouble)’. Self-released. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Worth It’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Wyclef Jean’. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘You Said (Feat. Quavo)’. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Stoner’. Self-released. 2014Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Pacifier’. 300. 2015Google Scholar
Thug, Young, I'm Up. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, JEFFERY. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, Slime Season 3. 300. 2016Google Scholar
Thug, Young, BEAUTIFUL THUGGER GIRLS. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘Safe’. 300. 2017Google Scholar
Thug, Young, Hear No Evil. 300. 2018Google Scholar
Thug, Young, ‘MLK (Feat. Trouble and Shad Da God)’. Self-released. 2018Google Scholar
Thug, Young, So Much Fun. 300. 2019Google Scholar
Thug, Young and Mane, Gucci, ‘OMG’. Self-released. 2014Google Scholar
Thug, Young and Mane, Gucci, ‘Siblings’. Self-released. 2014Google Scholar
Thug, Young and Jay, Bloody, ‘Florida Water’. Self-released. 2014Google Scholar
21 Savage, ‘Bank Account’. Slaughter Gang/Epic. 2017Google Scholar