1.Gershon, AS, Guan, J, Wang, C et al. (2010) Trends in asthma prevalence and incidence in Ontario, Canada, 1996–2005: a population study. Am J Epidemiol 172, 728–736.
2.Devereux, G (2006) The increase in the prevalence of asthma and allergy: food for thought. Nat Rev Immunol 6, 869–874.
3.Seaton, A, Godden, DJ & Brown, K (1994) Increase in asthma: a more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? Thorax 49, 171–174.
4.Allan, K & Devereux, G (2011) Diet and asthma: nutrition implications from prevention to treatment. J Am Diet Assoc 111, 258–268.
5.Vally, H & Thompson, PJ (2003) Allergic and asthmatic reactions to alcoholic drinks. Addict Biol 8, 3–11.
6.MacDonald, TT & Di Sabatino, A (2009) The immunologic basis for gastrointestinal food allergy. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25, 521–526.
7.Busse, WW (2011) The role of allergy in disease. Immunol Rev 242, 5–9.
8.Burton, OT & Oettgen, HC (2011) Beyond immediate hypersensitivity: evolving roles for IgE antibodies in immune homeostasis and allergic diseases. Immunol Rev 242, 128–143.
9.Minnicozzi, M, Sawyer, RT & Fenton, MJ (2011) Innate immunity in allergic disease. Immunol Rev 242, 106–127.
10.Peden, DB (2011) The role of oxidative stress and innate immunity in O(3) and endotoxin-induced human allergic airway disease. Immunol Rev 242, 91–105.
11.Barnes, PJ (2011) Pathophysiology of allergic inflammation. Immunol Rev 242, 31–50.
12.Kita, H (2011) Eosinophils: multifaceted biological properties and roles in health and disease. Immunol Rev 242, 161–177.
13.Proud, D & Leigh, R (2011) Epithelial cells and airway diseases. Immunol Rev 242, 1186–1204.
14.Bershad, SV (2011). In the clinic. Atopic dermatitis (eczema). Ann Intern Med 155, ITC51–15; quiz ITC516.
15.Boden, SR & Wesley Burks, A (2011) Anaphylaxis: A history with emphasis on food allergy. Immunol Rev 242, 247–257. doi: 10.1111/j.1600–065X.2011.01028.x.
16.Myers, TR & Tomasio, L (2011) Asthma: 2015 and beyond. Respir Care 56, 1389–1407.
17.Bhakta, NR & Woodruff, PG (2011) Human asthma phenotypes: from the clinic, to cytokines, and back again. Immunol Rev 242, 220–232.
18.Agrawal, DK & Shao, Z (2010) Pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 10, 39–48.
19.McGuirk, P, Higgins, SC & Mills, KH (2010) The role of regulatory T cells in respiratory infections and allergy and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 10, 21–28.
20.Sakaguchi, S, Wing, K & Miyara, M (2007) Regulatory T cells – a brief history and perspective. Eur J Immunol 37, Suppl. 1, S116–S123.
21.Hawrylowicz, CM & O'Garra, A (2005) Potential role of interleukin-10-secreting regulatory T cells in allergy and asthma. Nat Rev Immunol 5, 271–283.
22.Boguniewicz, M & Leung, DY (2011) Atopic dermatitis: a disease of altered skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Immunol Rev 242, 233–246.
23.Boden, SR & Wesley Burks, A (2011) Anaphylaxis: a history with emphasis on food allergy. Immunol Rev 242, 247–257.
24.Varga, EM, Nouri-Aria, K, Till, SJ et al. (2003) Immunomodulatory treatment strategies for allergic diseases. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2, 31–46.
25.Gordon, BR (2011) The allergic march: can we prevent allergies and asthma? Otolaryngol Clin North Am 44, 765–777.
26.Tang, ML, Lahtinen, SJ & Boyle, RJ (2010) Probiotics and prebiotics: clinical effects in allergic disease. Curr Opin Pediatr 22, 626–634.
27.Magrone, T & Jirillo, E (2011) Potential application of dietary polyphenols from red wine to attaining healthy ageing. Curr Top Med Chem 11, 1780–1796.
28.Wu, JM & Hsieh, TC (2011) Resveratrol: a cardioprotective substance. Ann NY Acad Sci 1215, 16–21.
29.Magrone, T, Kumazawa, Y & Jirillo, E (2011) Natural antioxidants and their derivatives: biology and clinical application. Curr Top Med Chem 11, 1750–1751.
30.Magrone, T, Tafaro, A, Jirillo, F et al. (2007) Red wine consumption and prevention of atherosclerosis: an in vitro model using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Curr Pharm Des 13, 3718–3725.
31.Magrone, T, Tafaro, A, Jirillo, F et al. (2008) Elicitation of immune responsiveness against antigenic challenge in age-related diseases: effects of red wine polyphenols. Curr Pharm Des 14, 2749–2757.
32.Magrone, T, Candore, G, Caruso, C et al. (2008) Polyphenols from red wine modulate immune responsiveness: biological and clinical significance. Curr Pharm Des 14, 2733–2748.
33.Magrone, T, Panaro, MA, Jirillo, E et al. (2008) Molecular effects elicited in vitro by red wine on human healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells: potential therapeutical application of polyphenols to diet-related chronic diseases. Curr Pharm Des 14, 2758–2766.
34.Magrone, T & Jirillo, E (2010) Polyphenols from red wine are potent modulators of innate and adaptive immune responsiveness. Proc Nutr Soc 69, 279–285.
35.Kamholz, SL (2006) Wine, spirits and the lung: good, bad or indifferent? Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 117, 129–145.
36.Kawaguchi, K, Matsumoto, T & Kumazawa, Y (2011) Effects of antioxidant polyphenols on TNF-alpha-related diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 11, 1767–1779.
37.Nabe, T, Ikedo, A, Hosokawa, F et al. (2012) Regulatory role of antigen-induced interleukin-10, produced by CD4(+) T cells, in airway neutrophilia in a murine model for asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 677, 154–162.
38.Singh, A, Holvoet, S & Mercenier, A (2011) Dietary polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 41, 1346–1359.
39.Chung, S & Champagne, ET (2009) Reducing the allergenic capacity of peanut extracts and liquid peanut butter by phenolic compounds. Food Chem 115, 1345–1349.
40.Gong, J & Chen, SS (2003) Polyphenolic antioxidants inhibit peptide presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Int Immunopharmacol 3, 1841–1852.
41.Yano, S, Umeda, D, Yamashita, T et al. (2007) Dietary flavones suppresses IgE and Th2 cytokines in OVA-immunized BALB/c mice. Eur J Nutr 46, 257–263.
42.Kawai, K, Tsuno, NH, Kitayama, J et al. (2011) Catechin inhibits adhesion and migration of peripheral blood B cells by blocking CD11b. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 33, 391–397.
43.Takano, F, Takata, T, Yoshihara, A et al. (2007) Aqueous extract of peanut skin and its main constituent procyanidin A1 suppress serum IgE and IgG1 levels in mice-immunized with ovalbumin. Biol Pharm Bull 30, 922–927.
44.Yano, S, Umeda, D, Maeda, N et al. (2006) Dietary apigenin suppresses IgE and inflammatory cytokines production in C57BL/6N mice. J Agric Food Chem 54, 5203–5207.
45.Spergel, JM (2010) Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis and atopic march in children. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 30, 269–280.
46.Sur, R, Nigam, A, Grote, D et al. (2008) Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-itch activity. Arch Dermatol Res 300, 569–574.
47.Guo, W, Wise, ML, Collins, FW et al. (2008) Avenanthramides, polyphenols from oats, inhibit IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 44, 415–429.
48.Patel, GK, Wyatt, H, Kubiak, EM et al. (2001) Staphylococcus aureus colonization of children with atopic eczema and their parents. Acta Derm Venereol 81, 366–367.
49.Birnie, AJ, Bath-Hextall, FJ, Ravenscroft, JC et al. (2008) Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of atopic eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 16, CD003871.
50.Choi, O, Yahiro, K, Morinaga, N et al. (2007) Inhibitory effects of various plant polyphenols on the toxicity of Staphylococcal alpha-toxin. Microb Pathog 42, 215–224.
51.Rasooly, R, Do, PM & Friedman, M (2010) Inhibition of biological activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) by apple juice and apple polyphenols. J Agric Food Chem 58, 5421–5426.
52.Sicherer, SH & Sampson, HA (2009) Food allergy: recent advances in pathophysiology and treatment. Annu Rev Med 60, 261–277.
53.Cianferoni, A & Spergel, JM (2009) Food allergy: review, classification and diagnosis. Allergol Int 58, 457–466.
54.Liu, AH, Jaramillo, R, Sicherer, SH et al. (2010) National prevalence and risk factors for food allergy and relationship to asthma: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol 126, 798–806.e13.
55.Worbs, T, Bode, U, Yan, S et al. (2006) Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells. J Exp Med 203, 519–527.
56.Brandtzaeg, P (2010) Food allergy: Separating the science from the mythology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7, 380–400.
57.Jaensson-Gyllenbäck, E, Kotarsky, K, Zapata, F et al. (2011) Bile retinoids imprint intestinal CD103(+) dendritic cells with the ability to generate gut-tropic T cells. Mucosal Immunol 4, 438–447.
58.Akiyama, H, Sato, Y, Watanabe, T et al. (2005) Dietary unripe apple polyphenol inhibits the development of food allergies in murine models. FEBS Lett 579, 4485–4491.
59.Zuercher, AW, Holvoet, S, Weiss, M et al. (2010) Polyphenol-enriched apple extract attenuates food allergy in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 40, 942–950.
60.Jung, M, Triebel, S, Anke, T et al. (2009) Influence of apple polyphenols on inflammatory gene expression. Mol Nutr Food Res 53, 1263–1280.
61.Scalbert, A, Morand, C, Manach, C et al. (2002) Absorption and metabolism of polyphenols in the gut and impact on health. Biomed Pharmacother 56, 276–282.
62.Lee, HC, Jenner, AM, Low, CS et al. (2006) Effect of tea phenolics and their aromatic fecal bacterial metabolites on intestinal microbiota. Res Microbiol 157, 876–884.
63.Harju, K, Glumoff, V & Hallman, M (2001) Ontogeny of Toll-like receptors Tlr2 and Tlr4 in mice. Pediatr Res 49, 81–83.
64.Miller, RL (2008) Prenatal maternal diet affects asthma risk in offspring. J Clin Invest 118, 3265–3268.
65.Georas, SN, Guo, J, De Fanis, U et al. (2005) T-helper cell type-2 regulation in allergic disease. Eur Respir J 26, 1119–1137.
66.Cosmi, L, Liotta, F, Maggi, E et al. (2011) Th17 cells: new players in asthma pathogenesis. Allergy 66, 989–998.
67.McGuirk, P, Higgins, SC & Mills, KH (2010) The role of regulatory T cells in respiratory infections and allergy and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 10, 21–28.
68.Miyake, Y, Sasaki, S, Tanaka, K et al. (2009) Maternal fat consumption during pregnancy and risk of wheeze and eczema in Japanese infants aged 16–24 months: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Thorax 64, 815–821.
69.Wijga, AH, Smit, HA, Kerkhof, M et al. (2003) Association of consumption of products containing milk fat with reduced asthma risk in pre-school children: the PIAMA birth cohort study. Thorax 58, 567–572.
70.Iwamura, C, Shinoda, K, Yoshimura, M et al. (2010) Naringenin chalcone suppresses allergic asthma by inhibiting the type-2 function of CD4T cells. Allergol Int 59, 67–73.
71.Venkatesh, P, Mukherjee, PK, Kumar, NS et al. (2010) Anti-allergic activity of standardized extract of Albizia lebbeck with reference to catechin as a phytomarker. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 32, 272–276.
72.Lee, M, Kim, S, Kwon, OK et al. (2009) Anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene, in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 9, 418–424.
73.Tan, Y & Lim, LH (2008) trans-Resveratrol, an extract of red wine, inhibits human eosinophil activation and degranulation. Br J Pharmacol 155, 995–1004.
74.Kaneko, M, Kanesaka, M, Yoneyama, M et al. (2010) Inhibitory effects of fermented grape marc from Vitis vinifera Negroamaro on antigen-induced degranulation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 32, 454–461.
75.Tominaga, T, Kawaguchi, K, Kanesaka, M et al. (2010) Suppression of type-I allergic responses by oral administration of grape marc fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 32, 593–599.
76.Marzulli, G, Magrone, T, Kawaguchi, K et al. (2012) Fermented grape marc (FGM): immunomodulating properties and its potential exploitation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Pharm Des 18, 43–50.
77.Robinson, DS (2009) Regulatory T cells and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 39, 1314–1323.
78.Valenta, R (2002) The future of antigen-specific immunotherapy of allergy. Nat Rev Immunol 2, 446–453.
79.Bilò, MB, Severino, M, Cilia, M et al. (2009) The VISYT trial: venom immunotherapy safety and tolerability with purified vs nonpurified extracts. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 103, 57–61.
80.Jacobsen, L & Valovirta, E (2007) How strong is the evidence that immunotherapy in children prevents the progression of allergy and asthma? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 7, 556–560.
81.Francis, JN, Till, SJ & Durham, SR (2003) Induction of IL-10+CD4+CD25+ T cells by grass pollen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111, 1255–1261.
82.Nouri-Aria, RT, Wachholz, PA, Francis, JN et al. (2004) Grass pollen immunotherapy induces mucosal and peripheral IL-10 responses and blocking IgG activity. J Immunol 172, 3252–3259.