Skip to main content Accesibility Help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
Cancel
×
×
Home
  • Home
Article
  • Cited by 11
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier Pérez-Rodrigo, Carmen Alberdi-Aresti, Goiuri Ramos-Carrera, Natalia and Lázaro-Masedo, Sonia 2016. Prevalencia de obesidad general y obesidad abdominal en la población adulta española (25–64 años) 2014–2015: estudio ENPE. Revista Española de Cardiología, Vol. 69, Issue. 6, p. 579.
    Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier Pérez-Rodrigo, Carmen Alberdi-Aresti, Goiuri Ramos-Carrera, Natalia and Lázaro-Masedo, Sonia 2016. Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in the Spanish Adult Population (Aged 25–64 Years) 2014–2015: The ENPE Study. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), Vol. 69, Issue. 6, p. 579.
    Bistrian, Bruce R and Grimble, Robert F 2015. Clinical Nutrition. p. 276.
    Bonhomme, Sandra Belabed, Linda Blanc, Marie-Céline Neveux, Nathalie Cynober, Luc and Darquy, Sylviane 2013. Arginine-supplemented enteral nutrition in critically ill diabetic and obese rats: A dose-ranging study evaluating nutritional status and macrophage function. Nutrition, Vol. 29, Issue. 1, p. 305.
    Maatoug, Jihene Harrabi, Imed Hmad, Sonia Belkacem, Mylene Nouira, Asma and Ghannem, Hassen 2013. Advising Obese Adults about Diet and Physical Activity in Sousse, Tunisia. ISRN Obesity, Vol. 2013, Issue. , p. 1.
    San-Cristobal, Rodrigo Milagro, Fermín I. and Martínez, J. Alfredo 2013. Future Challenges and Present Ethical Considerations in the Use of Personalized Nutrition Based on Genetic Advice. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol. 113, Issue. 11, p. 1447.
    Diebel, Lawrence N. Liberati, David M. Edelman, David A. and Webber, John D. 2013. Organ failure in the obese adipocytes prime polymorphonuclear cell inflammation under stress conditions. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Vol. 75, Issue. 6, p. 1047.
    Lontchi-Yimagou, Eric Sobngwi, Eugene Matsha, Tandi E. and Kengne, Andre Pascal 2013. Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammation. Current Diabetes Reports, Vol. 13, Issue. 3, p. 435.
    Tveden-Nyborg, Pernille and Lykkesfeldt, Jens 2013. Does Vitamin C Deficiency Increase Lifestyle-Associated Vascular Disease Progression? Evidence Based on Experimental and Clinical Studies. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Vol. 19, Issue. 17, p. 2084.
    Sardinha, Luís B. Santos, Diana A. Silva, Analiza M. Coelho-e-Silva, Manuel J. Raimundo, Armando M. Moreira, Helena Santos, Rute Vale, Susana Baptista, Fátima Mota, Jorge and Ruiz, Jonatan R. 2012. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Abdominal Obesity in a Representative Sample of Portuguese Adults. PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue. 10, p. e47883.
    de Assis, Adriano M. Rech, Anderson Longoni, Aline Rotta, Liane N. Denardin, Cristiane C. Pasquali, Matheus A. Souza, Diogo O. Perry, Marcos L. S. and Moreira, José C. 2012. Ω3-Polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent lipoperoxidation, modulate antioxidant enzymes, and reduce lipid content but do not alter glycogen metabolism in the livers of diabetic rats fed on a high fat thermolyzed diet. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Vol. 361, Issue. 1-2, p. 151.
    ×
  • Access

The true cost of in-patient obesity: impact of obesity on inflammatory stress and morbidity

  • Robert F. Grimble (a1)
Abstract

The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the metabolic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine production during infection and injury; to highlight the disadvantages of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory stress on morbidity and mortality of patients; to identify the influence of genetics and adiposity on inflammatory stress in patients and to indicate how nutrients may modulate the inflammatory response in patients. Recent research has shown clearly that adipose tissue actively secretes a wide range of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Paradoxically, although inflammation is an essential part of the response of the body to infection, surgery and trauma, it can adversely affect patient outcome. The metabolic effects of inflammation are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic effects include insulin insensitivity, hyperlipidaemia, muscle protein loss and oxidant stress. These effects, as well as being present during infective disease, are also present in diseases with a covert inflammatory basis. These latter diseases include obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory stress also increases during aging. The level of cytokine production, within individuals, is influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in cytokine genes. The combination of SNP controls the relative level of inflammatory stress in both overt and covert inflammatory diseases. The impact of cytokine genotype on the intensity of inflammatory stress derived from an obese state is unknown. While studies remain to be done in the latter context, evidence shows that these genomic characteristics influence morbidity and mortality in infectious disease and diseases with an underlying inflammatory basis and thereby influence the cost of in-patient obesity. Antioxidants and n-3 PUFA alter the intensity of the inflammatory process. Recent studies show that genotypic factors influence the effectiveness of immunonutrients. A better understanding of this aspect of nutrient–gene interactions and of the genomic factors that influence the intensity of inflammation during disease will help in the more effective targeting of nutritional therapy.

  • View HTML
      • Send article to Kindle

      To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.

      Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

      Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

      The true cost of in-patient obesity: impact of obesity on inflammatory stress and morbidity
      Available formats
      ×
      Send article to Dropbox

      To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox.

      The true cost of in-patient obesity: impact of obesity on inflammatory stress and morbidity
      Available formats
      ×
      Send article to Google Drive

      To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive.

      The true cost of in-patient obesity: impact of obesity on inflammatory stress and morbidity
      Available formats
      ×
Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © The Author 2010
Corresponding author
Corresponding author: Professor Robert F. Grimble, fax +44 2380 594379, email rfg1@soton.ac.uk
References
Hide All
1.Grimble, RF (2001) Nutritional modulation of immune function. Proc Nutr Soc 60, 389–397.
2.Soeters, PB & Grimble, RF (2009) Dangers, and benefits of the cytokine mediated response to injury and infection. Clin Nutr 28, 583–596.
3.Phillips, A, Shaper, AG & Whincup, PH (1990) Association between serum albumin and mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other causes. Lancet 2, 1434–1436.
4.Engeli, S, Feldpausch, M, Gorzelniak, K et al. (2003) Association between adiponectin and mediators of inflammation in obese women. Diabetes 52, 942–947.
5.Wolf, AM, Wolf, D, Rumpold, H et al. (2004) Adiponectin induces the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1RA in human leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 323, 630–635.
6.Hotamisligil, GS, Arner, P, Caro, JF et al. (1995) Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 95, 2409–2415.
7.Hotamisligil, GS, Budavari, A, Murray, D et al. (1994) Reduced tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity-diabetes. Central role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Clin Invest 94, 1543–1549.
8.Hotamisligil, GS & Spiegelman, BM (1994) Tumor necrosis factor alpha: a key component of the obesity-diabetes link. Diabetes 43, 1271–1278.
9.Kern, PA, Saghizadeh, M, Ong, JM et al. (1995) The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest 95, 2111–2119.
10.Neels, JG & Olefsky, JM (2006) Inflamed fat: what starts the fire? J Clin Invest 116, 33–35.
11.Fasol, R, Schindler, M, Schumacher, B et al. (1992) The influence of obesity on perioperative morbidity: retrospective study of 502 aortocoronary bypass operations. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 40, 126–129.
12.Shor, R, Wainstein, J, Oz, D et al. (2008) Low HDL levels and the risk of death, sepsis and malignancy. Clin Res Cardiol 97, 227–233.
13.El-Solh, A, Sikka, P, Bozkanat, E et al. (2001) Morbid obesity in the medical ICU. Chest 120, 1989–1997.
14.Oliveros, H & Villamor, E (2008) Obesity and mortality in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity 16, 515–521.
15.Arvidsson, E, Viguerie, N, Andersson, I et al. (2004) Effects of different hypocaloric diets on protein secretion from adipose tissue of obese women. Diabetes 53, 1966–1971.
16.Allen, RD (1999) Polymorphism of the human TNFα promoter – random variation or functional diversity? Mol Immunol 36, 1017–1027.
17.Bidwell, J, Keen, L, Gallagher, G et al. (1999) Cytokine gene polymorphisms in human disease: on-line databases. Genes Immunity 1, 3–19.
18.Minihane, AM, Khan, S, Leigh-Firbank, EC et al. (2000) ApoE polymorphism and fish oil supplementation in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20, 1990–1997.
19.Andreassi, MG, Botto, N, Cocci, F et al. (2003) Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism, homocysteine, vitamin B12, and DNA damage in coronary artery disease. Hum Genet 112, 171–177.
20.Grimble, RF, Howell, WM, O'Reilly, G et al. (2002) The ability of fish oil to suppress tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy men is associated with polymorphisms in genes which influence TNFalpha production. Am J Clin Nutr 76, 454–459.
21.Jacob, CO, Fronek, Z, Lewis, GD et al. (1990) Heritable major histocompatibility complex class II-associated differences in production of tumor necrosis factor alpha: relevance to genetic predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87, 1233–1237.
22.Messer, G, Spengler, U, Jung, MC et al. (1991) Polymorphic structure of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an Nco I polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNFβ gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced level of TNFα production. J Exp Med 173, 209–219.
23.Jersmann, HP, Hii, CS, Ferrante, JV et al. (2001) Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha synergistically increase expression of human endothelial adhesion molecules through activation of NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Infect Immun 69, 1273–1279.
24.Ables, GP, Takamatsu, D, Noma, H et al. (2001) The roles of Nramp1 and Tnfa genes in nitric oxide production and their effect on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in macrophages from Nramp1 congenic and tumor necrosis factor-alpha−/− mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 21, 53–62.
25.Chernoff, AE, Granowitz, EV, Shapiro, L et al. (1995) A randomized, controlled trial of IL-10 in humans. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and immune responses. J Immunol 154, 5492–5499.
26.Perrey, C, Pravica, V, Sinnott, PJ et al. (1998) Genotyping for polymorphisms in interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-beta 1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha genes: a technical report. Transpl Immunol 6, 193–197.
27.Forsberg, L, Lyrenas, L, de Faire, U et al. (2001) A common functional C-T substitution polymorphism in the promoter region of the human catalase gene influences transcription factor binding, reporter gene transcription and is correlated to blood catalase levels. Free Radic Biol Med 30, 500–505.
28.Mitrunen, K, Sillanpaa, P, Kataja, V et al. (2001) Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Carcinogen 22, 827–829.
29.Chorazy, PA, Schumacher, HR Jr & Edlind, TD (1992) Role of glutathione peroxidase in rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of enzyme activity and DNA polymorphism. DNA Cell Biol 11, 221–225.
30.Reid, CL, Hutchinson, IV, Campbell, IT et al. (1999) Genetic variation in cytokine production may be protective of ICU admission and may influence mortality. Clin Nutr 18, 45.
31.Mira, JP, Cariou, A, Grall, F et al. (1999) Association of TNF2, a TNFalpha promoter polymorphism, with septic shock susceptibility and mortality: a multicenter study. JAMA 282, 561–568.
32.Stuber, F, Petersen, M, Bokelmann, F et al. (1996) A genomic polymorphism within the tumor necrosis factor locus influences plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations and outcome of patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 24, 381–384.
33.Jylhävä, J & Hurme, M (2009) Gene variants as determinants of longevity: focus on the inflammatory factors. Pflugers Arch 11 September 2009 (Epublication ahead of print).
34.Schroder, J, Kahlke, V, Book, M et al. (2000) Gender differences in sepsis: genetically determined? Shock 14, 307–310.
35.Thorell, A, Nygren, J, Ljungqvist, O et al. (2003) Cytokine genotype and gender influence the inflammatory response to surgery. Clin Nutr 22, S45.
36.Grimble, RF, Andersson, P, Madden, J et al. (2003) Gene:gene interactions influence the outcome in elderly patients. Clin Nutr 22, S39.
37.Persson, MD, Brismar, KE, Katzarski, KS et al. (2002) Nutritional status using mini nutritional assessment and subjective global assessment predict mortality in geriatric patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 50, 1996–2002.
38.Grimble, RF (2002) Inflammatory status and insulin resistance. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 5, 551–559.
39.Nilsson, J, Jovinge, S, Niemann, A et al. (1998) Relation between plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin sensitivity in elderly men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18, 1199–1202.
40.Yaqoob, P, Newsholme, EA & Calder, PC (1999) Comparison of cytokine production in cultures of whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytokine 11, 600–605.
41.Markovic, O, O'Reilly, G, Fussell, HM et al. (2004) Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokine genes on the relationship between serum lipids and inflammatory parameters, and the lipid-lowering effect of fish oil in healthy males. Clin Nutr 23, 1084–1095.
42.Ohman, MK, Wright, AP, Wickenheiser, KJ et al. (2009) Visceral adipose tissue and atherosclerosis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 7, 169–179.
43.Hanley, AJ, Wagenknecht, LE, Norris, JM et al. (2009) Insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction and visceral adiposity as predictors of incident diabetes: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family study. Diabetologia 52, 2079–2086.
44.Calder, PC (2001) Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity. Lipids 36, 1007–1024.
45.Endres, S, Ghorbani, R, Kelley, VE et al. (1989) The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. New Engl J Med 320, 265–271.
46.Madden, J, Brunner, A, Carrero, JJ et al. (2006) Polymorphisms at IL-6-174 and TNFα −308 and body mass index modulate the effects of fish oil supplementation on cytokine production by monocytes from healthy middle aged men. Proc Nutr Soc 65, 71A.
47.Mol, MJ, de Rijke, YB, Demacker, PN et al. (1997) Plasma levels of lipid and cholesterol oxidation products and cytokines in diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking: effects of vitamin E treatment. Atherosclerosis 129, 169–176.
48.van Tits, LJ, Demacker, PN, de Graaf, J et al. (2000) Alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreases production of superoxide and cytokines by leukocytes ex vivo in both normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 458–464.
49.Devaraj, S & Jialal, I (2000) Low-density lipoprotein postsecretory modification, monocyte function, and circulating adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular complications: the effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Circulation 102, 191–196.
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
  • ISSN: 0029-6651
  • EISSN: 1475-2719
  • URL: /core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *

CAPTCHA *

Skip to the audio challenge
×

Keywords

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between <date>. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed

Cancel
Confirm
×