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Parc le Breos Cwm Transepted Long Cairn, Gower, West Glamorgan: Date, Contents, and Context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Alasdair Whittle ,
Michael Wysocki ,
Mike Richards ,
Amanda Rouse ,
Elizabeth Walker  and
Lesley Zienkiewicz
Michael Wysocki
Affiliation:
School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, PO Box 909, Cardiff CF1 3XU
Mike Richards
Affiliation:
Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology, 6 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QJ
Amanda Rouse
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Building, Cardiff CF2 1XH
Elizabeth Walker
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology and Numismatics, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF1 3NP
Lesley Zienkiewicz
Affiliation:
School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, PO Box 909, Cardiff CF1 3XU
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Abstract

First investigated in 1869, the transepted long cairn of Parc le Breos Cwm was re-excavated in 1960–61 but without a report being published. This account presents a number of radiocarbon dates and a detailed re-examination of the human bone assemblages, and attempts to put the monument in local and regional context. Radiocarbon dates place the long cairn in the later part of the earlier Neolithic, and support a fairly long span of time over which its mortuary deposits were accumulated; they also show secondary re-use of the passage, and perhaps also the deliberate incorporation of very old animal bone from nearby caves. The analysis of the human bone assemblages indicates prior exposure of the remains found in the chambers, in contrast to those in the passage. Variation in musculoskeletal stress markers may indicate a mobile lifestyle for at least some of the male mortuary population. Other lifestyle indicators are noted, and isotopic evidence is presented for a terrestrial and mainly meat-oriented diet in the sampled group. The isolated context and hidden setting of the Parc le Breos Cwm long cairn and the apparently low density of south Welsh monuments are stressed.

Résumé

Recherché pour la première fois en 1869, le cairn long à transept de Parc le Breos Cwm a été fouillé encore une fois en 1960–61 sans qu'un rapport a été édité. Ce compte-rendu présente un nombre de datations par le radiocarbone et un nouvel essai plus détaillé des assemblages d'ossements humains et tente de mettre le monument dans son contexte local et régional. Les datations par le radiocarbone situent le cairn long dans la partie plus récente du Néolithique ancien et servent du support pour une durée assez longue pendant laquelle ses dépôts s'accumulaient; celles-là indiquent aussi le remploi de la galerie souterraine et peut-être aussi l'intégration délibérée de très anciens os d'animaux provenant des grottes situées tout près. L'analyse des assemblages d'ossements humains indique l'exposition antérieure des vestiges trouvées dans les chambres par rapport à celles dans la galerie souterraine. Des variations dans les marques d'usage musculosquelettales indiquent peut-être un style de vie mobile pour au moins une partie de la population mortuaire mâle. D'autres indications de style de vie sont notées et les documents isotopiques sont présentés indiquant un régime terrestre qui consistait surtout de viande dans le groupe d'échantillon. Le contexte isolé et la location cachée du cairn long de Parc le Breos Cwm et la densité apparemment basse de monuments dans le sud du Pays de Galles sont soulignés.

Zusammenfassung

Dieses Hünengrab mit Grabkammern im Park Le Breos Cwm wurde zuerst 1869 erforscht und dann 1960–61 nochmals ausgegraben, ohne dass ein Bericht darüber publiziert wurde. Dieser hier zeigt eine Anzahl von Radikarbondatierungen und eine ausführliche nochmalige Überprüfung menschlicher Knochenassambiagen und versucht dieses Denkmal im lokalen und regionalen Kontext zu fassen. Radiokarbondatierungen versetzen dieses Kammergrab in die spätere Periode des Frühneolithikums und unterstützten die These, dass sich hier über eine lange Zeit weg Leichenablagerungen ansammelten. Sie zeigen auch, dass der Gang zweimal benutzt wurde und dass vielleicht auch absichtliche sehr alte Tierknochen aus nahegelegenen Höhlen beigelegt wurden. Die Analyse der menschlichen Knochenassambiagen lassen annehmen, dass diese in den Kammern gefundene Übereste im Gegensatz zu den Überresten im Gang schon einmal freigelegt wurden. Die Anzeichen verschiedener Muskelknochen-Stressarten könnten darauf deuten, dass wenigsten ein Teil der männlichen Bevölkerung einen mobilen Lebensstil führten. Auch andere Lebensarten wurden dabei notiert und isotopisches Beweismaterial der getesteten Bevölkerung lässt annehmen, dass sie hauptsächlich Fleisch aßen und von der Erde lebten. Der vereinzelte Kontext und die versteckte Landschaft des Kammergrabes im Parc le Breos Cwm und die offensichtliche, geringe Anzahl der walisischen Denkmäler werden hervorgehoben.

Résumen

Tras la primera excavación en 1869, el túmulo en piedra con cámara de crucero de Parc le Breos Cwm fue re-excavado en 1960–61, aunque nunca se publicaron los datos. Este artículo presenta un número de dataciones al carbono, y un re-analísis detallado de las colecciones de hueso humano, que intenta emplazar el monumento en sus contextos local y regional. Las dataciones al carbono sitúan el túmulo en el último periodo del neolítico temprano y corroboran un tiempo de uso relativamente largo durante el cual se acumularon sus depósitos mortuorios. También indican reuso secundario del corredor, y quizás también la incorporación deliberada de huesos animales mucho más antiguos provenientes de cuevas cercanas. El análisis de las colecciones de hueso humano indica que los huesos encontrados en las cámaras son deposiciones secundarias, mientras que los encontrados en el corredor no. Variaciones en los niveles de estrés musculo-esqueletal son quizá una indicación de un estilo de vida nómada en, al menos, parte de la población masculina. Se pueden apreciar otros indicadores del estilo de vida, y el artículo presenta evidencia isotópica de una dieta terrestre y principalmente carnívora en el grupo analizado. Son de destacar el contexto aislado y escondido del túmulo de Parc le Breos Cwm y la aparentemente baja densidad de monumentos en el sur de Gales.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 64 , January 1998 , pp. 139 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1998

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