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Effect of the location of a protection zone in a reaction–diffusion model

Part of: Partial differential equations Parabolic equations and systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2023

Ningkui Sun
Ningkui Sun*
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China (sunnk@sdnu.edu.cn)
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Abstract

In this paper, we consider the dynamical behaviour of a reaction–diffusion model for a population residing in a one-dimensional habit, with emphasis on the effects of boundary conditions and protection zone. We assume that the population is subjected to a strong Allee effect in its natural domain but obeys a monostable nonlinear growth in the protection zone $[L_1,\, L_2]$ with two constants satisfying $0\leq L_1< L_2$, and the general Robin condition is imposed on $x=0$ (i.e. $u(t,\,0)=bu_x(t,\,0)$ with $b\geq 0$). We show the existence of two critical values $0< L_*\leq L^*$, and prove that a vanishing–transition–spreading trichotomy result holds when the length of protection zone is smaller than $L_*$; a transition–spreading dichotomy result holds when the length of protection zone is between $L_*$ and $L^*$; only spreading happens when the length of protection zone is larger than $L^*$. Based on the properties of $L_*$, we obtain the precise strategies for an optimal protection zone: if $b$ is large (i.e. $b\geq 1/\sqrt {-g'(0)}$), the protection zone should start from somewhere near $0$; while if $b$ is small (i.e. $b< 1/\sqrt {-g'(0)}$), then the protection zone should start from somewhere away from $0$, and as far away from $0$ as possible.

Keywords

Reaction–diffusion equationstrong Allee effectprotection zonespecies spreadinglong-time behaviour

MSC classification

Primary: 35K15: Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations
Secondary: 35K55: Nonlinear parabolic equations 35B40: Asymptotic behavior of solutions 92D25: Population dynamics (general)
Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A: Mathematics , First View , pp. 1 - 23
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Society of Edinburgh

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