In 1990, the Japanese Political Science Association (JPSA) and the APSA initiated a formalexchange program. Every year, the JPSA invites APSA representatives to attend our annualmeeting—where they have a joint session with Japanese members—and sends two JPSArepresentatives to the APSA Annual Meeting. In 2004, APSA President Margaret Levi(University of Washington) and Ian Shapiro (Yale University) attended the JPSA meeting inSapporo; the JPSA exchange participants in the APSA Annual Meeting in Chicago were RyosukeAmiya (Kobe University) and Kensuke Takayasu (Hokkaido University).