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Glacier fluctuation chronology since the latest Pleistocene at Mount Rainier, Washington, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2024

Mary Samolczyk ,
Gerald Osborn ,
Brian Menounos ,
Douglas Clark ,
P. Thompson Davis ,
John J. Clague  and
Johannes Koch
Mary Samolczyk*
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences, Yukon University, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
Gerald Osborn
Affiliation:
Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Brian Menounos
Affiliation:
Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
Douglas Clark
Affiliation:
Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
P. Thompson Davis
Affiliation:
Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
John J. Clague
Affiliation:
Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Johannes Koch
Affiliation:
Geography and Environment, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
*
Corresponding author Mary Samolczyk; Email msamolczyk@yukonu.ca
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Abstract

Large stratovolcanoes in the Cascade Range have high equilibrium-line altitudes that support glaciers whose Holocene and latest Pleistocene advances are amenable to dating. Glacier advances produced datable stratigraphic sequences in lateral moraines, which complement dating of end moraines. New mapping of glacial deposits on Mount Rainier using LIDAR and field observations supports a single latest Pleistocene or early Holocene advance. Rainier R tephra overlies deposits from this advance and could be as old as >11.6 ka; the advance could be of Younger Dryas age. Radiocarbon ages on wood interbedded between tills in the lateral moraines of Nisqually, Carbon, and Emmons glaciers and the South Tahoma glacier forefield suggest glacier advances between 200 and 550 CE, correlative with the First Millennium Advance in western Canada, and during the Little Ice Age (LIA) beginning as early as 1300 CE.

These results resolve previous contradictory interpretations of Mount Rainier's glacial history and indicate that the original proposal of a single pre-Neoglacial cirque advance is correct, in contrast to a later interpretation of two advances of pre- and post-Younger Dryas age, respectively. Meanwhile, the occurrence of the pre-LIA Burroughs Mountain Advance, interpreted in previous work as occurring 3–2.5 ka, is questionable based on inherently ambiguous interpretations of tephra distribution.

Keywords

Glacier fluctuationsLateral-moraine stratigraphyHoloceneMount RainierEnvironmental reconstructionLittle Ice Age

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Type
Research Article
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Quaternary Research , Volume 119 , May 2024 , pp. 65 - 85
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Quaternary Research Center

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