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Holocene fire occurrence and alluvial responses at the leading edge of pinyon–juniper migration in the Northern Great Basin, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kerrie N. Weppner ,
Jennifer L. Pierce  and
Julio L. Betancourt
Kerrie N. Weppner*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1535, USA
Jennifer L. Pierce*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725-1535, USA
Julio L. Betancourt
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192, USA
*
*Corresponding authors. Fax: + 1 208 426 4061. E-mail address:kerrieweppner@u.boisestate.edu (K.N. Weppner), jenpierce@boisestate.edu (J.L. Pierce).
*Corresponding authors. Fax: + 1 208 426 4061. E-mail address:kerrieweppner@u.boisestate.edu (K.N. Weppner), jenpierce@boisestate.edu (J.L. Pierce).
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Abstract

Fire and vegetation records at the City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO), south-central Idaho, display the interaction of changing climate, fire and vegetation along the migrating front of single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Radiocarbon dating of alluvial charcoal reconstructed local fire occurrence and geomorphic response, and fossil woodrat (Neotoma) middens revealed pinyon and juniper arrivals. Fire peaks occurred ~ 10,700–9500, 7200–6700, 2400–2000, 850–700, and 550–400 cal yr BP, whereas ~ 9500–7200, 6700–4700 and ~ 1500–1000 cal yr BP are fire-free. Wetter climates and denser vegetation fueled episodic fires and debris flows during the early and late Holocene, whereas drier climates and reduced vegetation caused frequent sheetflooding during the mid-Holocene. Increased fires during the wetter and more variable late Holocene suggest variable climate and adequate fuels augment fires at CIRO. Utah juniper and single-leaf pinyon colonized CIRO by 3800 and 2800 cal yr BP, respectively, though pinyon did not expand broadly until ~ 700 cal yr BP. Increased fire-related deposition coincided with regional droughts and pinyon infilling ~ 850–700 and 550–400 cal yr BP. Early and late Holocene vegetation change probably played a major role in accelerated fire activity, which may be sustained into the future due to pinyon–juniper densification and cheatgrass invasion.

Keywords

FireHoloceneVegetation changeCharcoalDebris flowPJ woodlandsAlbion MountainsIdahoWoodrat midden
Type
Original Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , September 2013 , pp. 143 - 157
Copyright
University of Washington

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