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Automated statistical matching of multiple tephra records exemplified using five long maar sequences younger than 75 ka, Auckland, New Zealand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rebecca M. Green ,
Mark S. Bebbington ,
Shane J. Cronin  and
Geoff Jones
Rebecca M. Green*
Affiliation:
IFS (Statistics), Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Mark S. Bebbington
Affiliation:
IFS (Statistics), Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand Volcanic Risk Solutions, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Shane J. Cronin
Affiliation:
Volcanic Risk Solutions, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Geoff Jones
Affiliation:
IFS (Statistics), Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address:R.Green@massey.ac.nz (R.M. Green).
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Abstract

Detailed tephrochronologies are built to underpin probabilistic volcanic hazard forecasting, and to understand the dynamics and history of diverse geomorphic, climatic, soil-forming and environmental processes. Complicating factors include highly variable tephra distribution over time; difficulty in correlating tephras from site to site based on physical and chemical properties; and uncertain age determinations. Multiple sites permit construction of more accurate composite tephra records, but correctly merging individual site records by recognizing common events and site-specific gaps is complex. We present an automated procedure for matching tephra sequences between multiple deposition sites using stochastic local optimization techniques. If individual tephra age determinations are not significantly different between sites, they are matched and a more precise age is assigned. Known stratigraphy and mineralogical or geochemical compositions are used to constrain tephra matches. We apply this method to match tephra records from five long sediment cores (≤ 75 cal ka BP) in Auckland, New Zealand. Sediments at these sites preserve basaltic tephras from local eruptions of the Auckland Volcanic Field as well as distal rhyolitic and andesitic tephras from Okataina, Taupo, Egmont, Tongariro, and Tuhua (Mayor Island) volcanic centers. The new correlated record compiled is statistically more likely than previously published arrangements from this area.

Keywords

TephrostratigraphyTephraAuckland Volcanic Field — New ZealandStochastic local searchSimulated annealing
Type
Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 82 , Issue 2 , September 2014 , pp. 405 - 419
Copyright
University of Washington

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Footnotes

1 Tel.: + 64 6 3569099; fax: + 64 6 3505682.

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