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Size distribution of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the North Pacific Ocean over 6 millennia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2020

Catherine F. West Open the ORCID record for Catherine F. West [Opens in a new window] ,
Michael A. Etnier ,
Steven Barbeaux ,
Megan A. Partlow  and
Alexei M. Orlov
Catherine F. West*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology and Archaeology Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
Michael A. Etnier
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
Steven Barbeaux
Affiliation:
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
Megan A. Partlow
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington 98926, USA
Alexei M. Orlov
Affiliation:
Department of Marine and Freshwater Fishes of Russia, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, 107140, Russia; A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Department of Ichthyology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, 367000, Russia; Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Tomsk State University, 634050, Russia; Laboratory of Marine Biology, Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, 367000, Russia
*
*Corresponding author at: e-mail: cfwest@bu.edu (C.F. West).
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Abstract

In this paper, we compile estimates of cod size distributions based on zooarchaeological data and contemporary length-frequency data to look at variability in size composition through time across the North Pacific, from the northern Kuril Islands through the Aleutian Islands to southeast Alaska. The results suggest that a strong longitudinal trend in cod size has remained consistent over time, with the largest cod found to the west. We find that five of nine sites show that overall cod length and distribution of the largest fish remain relatively unchanged. Two sites where we find truncation of the length distributions—or loss of the largest fish—are places where the modern fisheries have the longest history and have been most intense, suggesting a potential for anthropogenic impacts on these local populations. We acknowledge two limitations in these data: (1) there are differences in selectivity between the ancient and modern fisheries; and (2) seasonal variability in fish availability was observed to be an important explanatory variable in the modern data set, but the season of harvest is poorly understood for the ancient collections. Therefore, while differences observed between the two data sets suggest possible anthropogenic influence on the size structure of Pacific cod, they are not conclusive.

Keywords

Length-frequencyFish lengthResource managementResource depressionAleutian IslandsKodiak archipelagoKuril IslandsGulf of AlaskaArchaeologyApplied zooarchaeology

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Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 108: PESAS , July 2022 , pp. 43 - 63
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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