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Conversion of rural abattoir wastes to an organic fertilizer and its application in the field cultivation of tomato in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2015

Malancha Roy ,
Rimi Das ,
Anupam Debsarcar ,
Pradip Kumar Sen  and
Joydeep Mukherjee
Malancha Roy
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Rimi Das
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Anupam Debsarcar
Affiliation:
Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Pradip Kumar Sen
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Joydeep Mukherjee*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
*
*Corresponding author: joydeep_envstu@school.jdvu.ac.in
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Abstract

Sophisticated capital intensive waste-recycling technologies are unviable in small rural abattoirs in India due to low volume of wastes (principally blood and rumen digesta) generated and lack of infrastructural facilities. We report recycling of slaughterhouse wastes as an organic fertilizer, ‘bovine-blood-rumen-digesta-mixture’ (BBRDM). Bovine blood and rumen digesta were mixed in 3:1 ratio in a metallic container, boiled and stirred continuously till the mixture was largely free of water. The mass was sun-dried for 3 days to obtain the final product. BBRDM was applied for field cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L., local variety ‘Patharkuchi’) in West Bengal state (India) during 2012–13 and 2013–14. We compared tomato yields obtained with BBRDM (N:P2O5:K2O 30.36:1:5.75) and conventional inorganic fertilizers [diammonium phosphate (DAP), N:P2O5:K2O 18:46:0 + potash, N:P2O5:K2O 0:0:44]. BBRDM was applied at a higher rate compared with DAP + potash to meet the farmers’ desire for enhanced yields. 75 kg ha−1 was applied at the 2nd week while 150 kg ha−1 was applied at the 8th week after transplantation. Yields (total fruit weight) obtained from BBRDM-treated plants were higher in comparison with DAP + potash-fertilized plants by 46–48% as the former supplied 2.5 times more nitrogen (N) than the latter. The partial factor productivity of DAP + potash was 73–76% higher than BBRDM. Conversely, as BBRDM was produced through local entrepreneurship from slaughterhouse wastes, the cost of this organic product would be expected to be much lower than the commercial inorganic fertilizer. Furthermore, application of BBRDM negates the environmental cost of treating slaughterhouse effluent. Considering the same cost of applying 225 kg fertilizer ha−1, higher yield with BBRDM should result in greater potential revenue for the farmer compared with yields with DAP + potash. The C/N ratio of BBRDM is 4.8, having relatively high N content. Accordingly, rapid release of plant-available N was observed in BBRDM-fertilized soils. The temporal increase in soil NH4+may be attributed to lack of soil N immobilization. Local farmers are willing to accept the new fertilizer as a substitute for currently used chemical fertilizers.

Keywords

wasteslaughterhouseorganic fertilizertomatorecycling
Type
Research Papers
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , August 2016 , pp. 350 - 360
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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