Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T04:22:20.473Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Place of Knowledge A Methodological Survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2008

Adi Ophir  and
Steven Shapin
Adi Ophir
Affiliation:
The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas Tel Aviv University (A. O.)
Steven Shapin
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology and Science Studies ProgramUniversity of California, San Diego (S. S.)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A generation ago scientific ideas floated free in the air, as historians gazed up at them in wonder and admiration. From time to time, historians agreed, the ideas that made up the body of scientific truth became incarnate: they were embedded into the fleshly forms of human culture and attached to particular times and places. How this incarnation occurred was a great mystery. How could spirit be made flesh? How did the transcendent and the timeless enter the forms of the mundane and the contingent? Platonist and providentialist perspectives offered ways of speaking about the mystery, but, in general, it remained unresolved at the core of orthodox idealist historiography.1

Type
Article
Information
Science in Context , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , Spring 1991 , pp. 3 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agnew, Jean-Christophe. 1986. Worlds Apart: The Market and the Theater in Anglo-American Thought, 1550–1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alpers, Svetlana. 1988. Rembrandt's Enterprise: The Studio and the Market. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Ardener, Shirley. 1981. “Ground Rules and Social Maps for Women: An Introduction.” In Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps, edited by Ardener, , chap. 1. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Ariès, Philippe, and Duby, Georges, eds. 1987. A History of Private Life, 4 vols., translated by Goldhammer, Arthur. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Armstrong, David. 1988. “Space and Time in British General Practice.” In Biomedicine Examined, edited by Lock, Margaret and Gordon, Deborah, 207–25. Dordrecht: Kluwer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auden, W. H., and Kronenberger, Louis. 1962. The Faber Book of Aphorisms. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Bechler, Zev. 1987. “The Essence and Soul of the Seventeenth-Century Scientific Revolution.” Science in Context 1:87–101.Google Scholar
Ben-Amos, Avner. 1989. “The Sacred Center of Power: Paris and the State Funerals of the French Third Republic.” Paper presented at the International Workshop on the Place of Knowledge, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, 15–18 May 1989.Google Scholar
Birenbaum, Arnold, and Sagarin, Edward, eds. 1973. People and Places: The Sociology of the Familiar. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Bloor, David. 1976. Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Bloor, David. 1983. Wittgenstein: A Social Theory of Knowledge. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bok, Sissela. 1982. Secrets: On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1968. “Structuralism and Theory of Sociological Knowledge.” Social Research 35:681–706.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. [1971] 1973. “The Berber House.” Translated and excerpted in Rules and Meanings, edited by Douglas, Mary, 98–110. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, translated by Nice, Richard. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1985. “Social Space and the Genesis of the Group.” Theory and Society 14:723–44.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1989. “Social Space and Symbolic Power.” Sociological Theory 7:14–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavan, Sheeri. 1973. “Bar Sociability.” In Birenbaum and Sagarin 1973, 143–54.Google Scholar
Collins, H. M. 1988. “Public Experiments and Displays of Virtuosity: The Core-Set Revisited.” Social Studies of Science 18:725–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, Clark E. 1973. “Order in the Atoni House.” In Right & Left: Essays in Symbolic Classification, edited by Needham, Rodney, 204–38. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Douglas, Mary. 1978. Cultural Bias. Occasional Paper No. 34. London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Google Scholar
Drew, Paul, and Wootton, Anthony, eds. 1988. Erving Goffman: Exploring the Interaction Order. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile. 1972. Selected Writings, edited and translated by Giddens, Anthony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (From review originally published in Année sociologique, 1899.)Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile. [1912] 1976. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, translated by Swain, Joseph Ward, 2nd ed. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile, and Mauss, Marcel. [1903] 1963. Primitive Classification, translated by Needham, Rodney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Elias, Norbert. 1983. The Court Society, translated by Jephcott, Edmund. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Ezrahi, Yaron. 1990. The Descent of Icarus: Science and the Transformation of Contemporary Democracy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1970. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1975. The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, translated by Sheridan-Smith, A. M.. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, translated by Sheridan, Alan. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977, translated by Gordon, Colin, Marshall, Leo, Mepham, John, and Soper, Kate, edited by Colin Gordon. Brighton: Harvester.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1986. “Of Other Spaces.” Diacritics 16:22–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galison, Peter. 1989. “The Trading Zone: Coordination between Experiment and Theory in the Modern Laboratory.” Paper presented at the International Workshop on The Place of Knowledge, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, 15–18 May 1989.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretative Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1987. Social Theory and Modern Sociology. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1988. “Goffman as a Systematic Social Theorist.” In Drew and Wootton 1988, 250–79.Google Scholar
Gillispie, Charles Coulston. 1960. The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1969. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Gooding, David. 1989. “History in the Laboratory: Can We Tell What Really Went On?” In James 1989, 63–82.Google Scholar
Hägerstrand, Torsten. 1967. Innovation Diffusion as a Spatial Process, translated by Pred, Allan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, Maurice. [1950] 1980. The Collective Memory, translated by Ditter, Francis J. Jr and Ditter, Vida Yazdi. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Hall, Edward T. 1966. The Hidden Dimension. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hannaway, Owen. 1986. “Laboratory Design and the Aim of Science: Andreas Libavius versus Tycho Brahe.” Isis 77:585–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillier, Bill, and Hanson, Julienne. 1984. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillier, Bill, and Penn, Alan. 1991. “Visible Colleges: Structure and Randomness in the Place of Discovery.” Science in Context 4(1):23–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, Michael. 1989. Establishing the New Science: The Experience of the Early Royal Society. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Impey, Oliver, and MacGregor, Arthur, eds. 1985. The Origin of Museums: The Cabinet of Curiosities in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Europe. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Inkster, Ian, and Morrell, Jack, eds. 1983. Metropolis and Province: Science in British Culture 1780–1850. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
James, Frank A. J. L., ed. 1989. The Development of the Laboratory: Essays on the Place of Experiment in Industrial Civilisation. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Caroline A. 1991. “Andy Warhol's ‘Factory’: The Production Site, Its Context and Its Impact on the Work of Art.” Science in Context 4(1):101–31.Google Scholar
Jones, Emrys, and Eyles, John. 1977. An Introduction to Social Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, Michael, and Sanchez, Ricardo. 1991. “The Space of the Ethical Practice of Emergency Medicine.” Science in Context 4(1):79–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knorr-Cetina, Karin. 1981. “Introduction: The Micro-Sociological Challenge of Macro-Sociology: Towards a Reconstruction of Social Theory and Methodology.” In Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro-and Macro-Sociologies, edited by Knorr-Cetina, and Cicourel, A. V., 1–47. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Koyré, Alexandre. 1968. Metaphysics and Measurement: Essays in the Scientific Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. 1987. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. 1988. “Mixing Humans and Nonhumans Together: The Sociology of a Door-Closer.” Social Problems 35:298–310.Google Scholar
Lave, Jean. 1988. Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics and Culture in Everyday Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien. [1923] 1966. Primitive Mentality, translated by Clare, Lilian A.. Boston: Beacon.Google Scholar
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. [1955] 1970. Tristes tropiques: An Anthropological Study of Primitive Societies in Brazil, translated by Russell, John. New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
Luhrmann, T. M. 1989. “The Magic of Secrecy.” Ethos 17:131–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, Michael. 1991. “Laboratory Space and the Technological Complex: An Investigation of Topical Contextures.” Science in Context 4(1):51–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markus, Thomas A., ed. 1982a. Order in Space and Society: Architectural Form and Its Context in the Scottish Enlightenment. Edinburgh: Mainstream.Google Scholar
Markus, Thomas A.. 1982b. “Buildings for the Sad, the Bad and the Mad in Urban Scotland, 1780–1830.” In Markus 1982a, 25–114.Google Scholar
Markus, Thomas A.. 1982c. “The School as Machine: Working Class Scottish Education and the Glasgow Normal Seminary.” In Markus 1982a, 201–61.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert K. [1938] 1970. Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth-Century England. New York: Harper.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrell, Jack, and Thackray, Arnold. 1981. Gentlemen of Science: Early Years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Mukerji, Chandra. 1989. A Fragile Power: Scientists and the State. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Nagel, Thomas. 1986. The View from Nowhere. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ophir, Adi. 1984. “The City and the Space of Discourse: Plato's Republic – Textual Acts and Their Political Significance.” Ph.D. diss., Boston University.Google Scholar
Ophir, Adi. 1991. “A Place of Knowledge Re-Created: The Library of Michel de Montaigne.” Science in Context 4(1):163–89.Google Scholar
Ophir, Adi. 1991. Forthcoming. Plato's Invisible Cities: Discourse and Power in the Republic. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Owens, Larry. 1985. “Pure and Sound Government: Laboratories, Gymnasia, and Playing Fields in Nineteenth-Century America.” Isis 76:182–94.Google Scholar
Pred, Allan, ed. 1981. Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hägerstrand. Lund: CWK Gleerup.Google Scholar
Reed, Peter. 1982. “Form and Context: A Study of Georgian Edinburgh.” In Markus 1982a, 115–53.Google Scholar
Revel, Jacques, 1991. “Knowledge of the Territory.” Science in Context 4(1):133–61.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Charles E. 1987. The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Rouse, Joseph. 1987. Knowledge and Power: Towards a Political Philosophy of Science. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Rudwick, Martin J. S. 1985. The Great Devonian Controversy: The Shaping of Scientific Knowledge among Gentlemanly Specialists. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Simon. 1988. “Astronomers Mark Time: Discipline and the Personal Equation.” Science in Context 2:115–45.Google Scholar
Sennett, Richard. 1977. The Fall of Public Man. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1972. “The Pottery Philosophical Society, 1819–1835: An Examination of the Cultural Uses of Provincial Science.” Science Studies 2:311–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1988. “The House of Experiment in Seventeenth-Century England.” Isis 79:373–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1989a. “The Invisible Technician.” American Scientist 77:554–63.Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1989b. “Who was Robert Hooke?” In Robert Hooke: New Studies, edited by Hunter, Michael and Schaffer, Simon, 253–85. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven. 1991. “‘The Mind Is Its Own Place’: Science and Solitude in Seventeenth-Century England.” Science in Context 4(1): 191–218.Google Scholar
Sommer, Robert. 1969. Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Strong, P. M. 1988. “Minor Courtesies and Macro Structures.” In Drew and Wootton 1988, 228–49.Google Scholar
Thackray, Arnold W. 1974. “Natural Knowledge in Cultural Context: The Manchester Model.” American Historical Review 79:672–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traweek, Sharon. 1988. Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Victor. 1967. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Victor. 1974. Drama, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Vernant, Jean-Pierre. 1983. Myth and Thought among the Greeks. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Vernant, Jean-Pierre, and Detienne, Marcel. 1978. Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society, translated by Lloyd, Janet. Hassocks: Harvester.Google Scholar
Vidal-Naquet, Pierre. 1986. The Black Hunter: Forms of Thought and Forms of Society in the Greek World, translated by Szegedy-Maszak, Andrew. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Vidal-Naquet, Pierre, and Lévêque, Pierre. [1964] 1983. Clisthène l'Athénien: Essai sur la représentation de l'espace et du temps dans la pensée politique grecque de la fin du VIe siècle à la mort de Platon. Paris: Macula.Google Scholar
Whyte, William Foote. [1949] 1973. “The Social Structure of the Restaurant.” In Birenbaum and Sagarin 1973, 244–56.Google Scholar
Williams, Mari E. W. 1989. “Astronomical Observatories as Practical Space: The Case of Polkowa.” In James 1989, 118–36.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1976. Philosophical Investigations, translated by Anscombe, G. E. M.. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. 1966. The Art of Memory. London: Routledge.Google Scholar