Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T14:18:18.043Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Textured Voices and the Performance of Ethical Life in the Case of the Laff Box (1966)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2016

Abstract

Textured voices include both voices heard as interpolated into a musical texture and voices heard as having their own textured character, whether as a ‘voice’ with a ‘timbre’ or as a ‘collective voice’ with a ‘composite timbre’ made up of many voices, each textured itself. They have often been heard as performances of ethical life. Comparisons between these performances can be misleading because the contingencies characterizing the textured voice for a listener who listens in a particular way can make each performance irreducible. A pair of articles and cartoons in TV Guide from the summer of 1966 depict the making of a textured laugh track as a contradictory activity. Yet they seem to resolve contradictions into surface conflicts between individuated parties. Listening for textured voices in this case was itself a political activity because it was productive of more than one distinct form of ethical life.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press, 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adorno, Theodor W.History and Freedom: Lectures 1964–1965, ed. Tiedemann, Rolf, trans. Livingstone, Rodney. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Adorno, Theodor W.Negative Dialectics, trans. Ashton, E. B.. New York: Continuum International, 2007.Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis and Balibar, Étienne. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, trans. Brewster, Ben. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis and Balibar, Étienne. Reading Capital, trans. Brewster, Ben. New York: Verso, 2009.Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland. The Responsibility of Forms: Critical Essays on Music, Art, and Representation, trans. Howard, Richard. New York: Hill and Wang, 1985.Google Scholar
Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Brick, Howard. Age of Contradiction: American Thought and Culture in the 1960s. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Briscoe, Desmond and Curtis-Bramwell, Roy. The BBC Radiophonic Workshop: The First 25 Years. London: British Broadcasting Corp., 1983.Google Scholar
Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Burke, Kenneth. Attitudes Toward History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Cage, John. Silence: Lectures and Writings by John Cage. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Carter, Elliott. String Quartet No. 4. London: Boosey & Hawkes, 1986.Google Scholar
Chion, Michel. Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen, trans. Gorbman, Claudia. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Copland, Aaron. What to Listen for in Music. New York: Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill, 1939.Google Scholar
Cowell, Henry. Fabric: For Piano. New York: Breitkopf, 1922.Google Scholar
Cowell, Henry. New Musical Resources. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1930.Google Scholar
Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Dobb, Maurice. Studies in the Development of Capitalism. New York: Routledge, 1946.Google Scholar
Dunsby, Jonathan. ‘Considerations of Texture’. Music & Letters 70/1 (1989), 4657.Google Scholar
Erickson, Robert. Sound Structure in Music. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Fass, Paula S.Outside In: Minorities and the Transformation of American Education. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Fassett, James H. and Goldberg, Mortimer. Strange to Your Ears: The Fabulous World of Sound. Columbia Masterworks ML 4938. LP. Circa 1955.Google Scholar
Frazier, E. Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie. New York: Free Press Paperbacks, 1997.Google Scholar
Ginzberg, Eli, Bryan, Vincent, Hamilton, Grace T., Herma, John L., and Yohalem, Alice M.. The Middle-Class Negro in the White Man's World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Goodman, David. ‘Distracted Listening: On Not Making Sound Choices in the 1930s’, in Sound in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, ed. Suisman, David and Strasser, Susan. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. 1546.Google Scholar
Gracyk, Theodore. Rhythm and Noise. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, trans. Burger, Thomas. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich A.The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1944.Google Scholar
Helmholtz, Hermann L. F.On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music, trans. Ellis, Alexander J.. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1875.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Empire, 1875–1914. New York: Pantheon Books, 1987.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914–1991. New York: Pantheon Books, 1994.Google Scholar
Hobson, Dick. ‘The Hollywood Sphinx and His Laff Box (First of Two Parts)’. TV Guide 14/27 (1966), 36.Google Scholar
Hobson, Dick. ‘The Laff Box (Second of Two Parts)’. TV Guide 14/28 (1966), 20–3.Google Scholar
Hodeir, André. Jazz: Its Evolution and Essence. New York: Grove Press, 1956.Google Scholar
‘Historical Outline’, November 1956, typescript, Oram 3/2/1, Daphne Oram Collection, Goldsmiths, University of London.Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Jencks, Christopher and Riesman, David. The Academic Revolution. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968.Google Scholar
Kahn, Douglas and Whitehead, Gregory. Wireless Imagination: Sound, Radio, and the Avant-Garde. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Kahl, Joseph A.The American Class Structure. New York: Rinehart, 1957.Google Scholar
Kessler-Harris, Alice. Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Kiesler, Frederick. ‘Second Manifesto of Correalism’. Art International 9/2 (1965), 1619.Google Scholar
Lacey, Kate. Listening Publics: The Politics and Experience of Listening in the Media Age. Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Lee, Pamela M.Chronophobia: On Time in the Art of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Lehto, Mark R. and Buck, James R.. Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics for Engineers. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2008.Google Scholar
Luhmann, Niklas. Art as a Social System. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lukács, Georg. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, trans. Livingstone, Rodney. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Mallet, Serge. Essays on the New Working Class, ed. and trans. Howard, Dick and Savage, Dean. St Louis: Telos Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, trans. Fowkes, Ben. New York: Penguin, 1990.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. New York: International Publishers, 2008.Google Scholar
McTavish, Brian. ‘Laugh Track is Serious Business’. The Baltimore Sun, 3 July 2003. http://articles. baltimoresun.com/2003-07-03/features/0307030060_1_bob-douglass-laugh-track-canned-laughter (accessed 3 April 2013).Google Scholar
Miller, Dayton. The Science of Musical Sounds. New York: Macmillan Company, 1916.Google Scholar
Mills, C. Wright. White Collar: The American Middle Classes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.Google Scholar
Moholy-Nagy, László. ‘Produktion-Reproduktion’. De Stijl 7 (1922), 97101.Google Scholar
Nakai, You. ‘Inside-Out: David Tudor's Conception of the Pepsi Pavilion as a Musical Instrument’. Paper read at the American Musicological Society/Society for Music Theory National Conference, 6–9 November 2014.Google Scholar
Nash, George H.The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. New York: Basic Books, 2006.Google Scholar
Paik, Nam June. ‘New Ontology of Music’. Postmusic: The Monthly Review of the University for Avant-garde Hinduism, ed. Paik, Nam June. 1963. Museum of Modern Art, Fluxus Collection (2623.2008.x1-.x4). Front.Google Scholar
Parker, James. ‘Family Portrait’. The Atlantic, 3 October 2011. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/11/family-portrait/308685/ (accessed 4 April 2013).Google Scholar
Pollard, Sidney. The Genesis of Modern Management: A Study in the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Richter, Gerhard. ‘Interview with Rolf Schön’, in Gerhard Richter, 11.6-1.10.1972: 36, Biennale in Venice, German Pavilion. Essen Museum Folkway, 1972. 23–5.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, Pierre. A la recherche d'une musique concrète. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1952.Google Scholar
Shanken, Edward A.Cybernetics and Art: Cultural Convergence in the 1960s’, in From Energy to Information, ed. Clarke, Bruce and Dalrymple, Linda (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2002). 155–77.Google Scholar
Simpson, Robert. ‘Thoughts on Composing’. The Listener 1602 (1959), 1034.Google Scholar
Smith, Jacob. ‘The Frenzy of the Audible: Pleasure, Authenticity, and Recorded Laughter’. Television and New Media 6/1 (2005), 2347.Google Scholar
Spigel, Lynn. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Spigel, Lynn. TV By Design: Modern Art and the Rise of Network Television. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Stanyek, Jason and Piekut, Benjamin. ‘Deadness: Technologies of the Intermundane’. The Drama Review 54/1 (2010), 1438.Google Scholar
Stark, Steven D. ‘Is Canned Laughter a Joke?’ New York Times, 3 January 1988.Google Scholar
Steege, Benjamin. Helmholtz and the Modern Listener. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Sterne, Jonathan. The Audible Past: Cultural Origins of Sound Reproduction. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Sterne, Jonathan. MP3: The Meaning of a Format. Durham: Duke University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Stiles, Kristine. ‘Introduction [to Part 2 Geometric Abstraction]’, in Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists’ Writings, ed. Stiles, Kristine and Selz, Peter. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. 6373Google Scholar
Stoops, Nicole. ‘Education Attainment in the US’. Current Population Reports (June 2004).Google Scholar
Thompson, Edward Palmer. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Pantheon Books, 1963.Google Scholar
Tisdall, Caroline. Joseph Beuys, Exhibition Catalog. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1979.Google Scholar
Van der Wee, Herman. Prosperity and Upheaval 1945–1980. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Wakeman, John. World Film Directors. Vol. 1 1890–1945. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1987.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Politics of the World-Economy: The States, the Movements, and the Civilizations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Wiener, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.Google Scholar
ZakAlbin J., III Albin J., III. The Poetics of Rock: Cutting Tracks, Making Records. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.Google Scholar